The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the efficacy of three different topical applications in preventing hypertrophic scars in adults with scars healed after suturing. The main question it aims to answer is: Is Chitosan cream effective in preventing hypertrophic scars?

Researchers will compare Chitosan cream with silicone gel and olive oil to see if there is any difference in their efficacies.

Participants will be randomly assigned to three groups, with each group using a different topical application. They will be instructed to:

• apply the topical application on their scar twice a day for 8 weeks
• attend follow-up visits at 4, 12 and 24 weeks for a doctor to assess their scar and take clinical photographs
• immediately inform the researcher if they experience any side effects

This is a 3-arm single-blinded randomised controlled trial to study the efficacy of three topical applications in preventing hypertrophic scars. The general objective is to investigate the efficacy of Chitosan cream in preventing hypertrophic scars compared to other topical applications commonly used; silicone gel and olive oil. The hypothesis is that Chitosan cream shows comparable efficacy in preventing hypertrophic scars compared to silicone gel and olive oil.

The study population consists of patients who had traumatic or surgical scars that have healed by primary intention in the Unit of Reconstructive Sciences, Hospital Pakar USM, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Unit of Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II and the Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Department of Hospital Kuala Lumpur and have met the study inclusion criteria.

Patients who meet the inclusion criteria will be given a topical application (Chitosan cream / silicone gel / olive oil) which is assigned randomly by computer software (SPSS version 29). The topical applications is to be applied twice daily from the 14th day since wounding. The investigator will be blinded to the topical application given to the patient. Both patient and investigator will assess the scar using Patient & Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) version 3.0 and scars will be photographed under fixed camera settings & lighting conditions. Patients will come for follow-up on weeks 4, 12 & 24 and the scar assessment will be repeated by both patient & the same observer. Serial photographs will also be taken each visit. At the end of the 24 weeks, photographs of the scars will be reviewed by three independent plastic surgeons and scored using the Scar Cosmesis & Assessment Rating (SCAR) Scale. Both the scores from the clinical & photographic scar assessments will be evaluated to compare the efficacy of each topical application. The duration of the study is from Nov 2025-Nov 2026.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with traumatic or surgical wounds which have healed by primary intention within 14 days
• Length of scar at least 3cm

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with seafood allergy
• Patients with scar from wounds that were complicated by infection or wound breakdown
• Patients who have undergone scar treatment by other modalities
• Patients with history of keloids / hypertrophic scars
• Pregnant patients

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