Exercise During Pregnancy: Effects on the Maternal-Fetal Unit

Benefits of Exercise for the Maternal-Fetal Unit During Pregnancy

Metabolic alterations during pregnancy have been associated with adverse maternal-fetal outcomes, including low birth weight and pregnancy complications. Maternal endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and placental mitochondrial dysfunction are thought to contribute to fetal metabolic disturbances. Lifestyle changes, such as structured exercise during pregnancy, may modulate maternal and placental factors.

This randomized controlled trial will evaluate the effects of a multicomponent exercise program during the second and third trimester on maternal functional capacity, vascular health, anthropometry, metabolic biomarkers, placental function, and newborn health outcomes.

To investigate the effects of a multicomponent supervised exercise program during pregnancy on the maternal-fetal unit.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Primigravid women
• Gestational age 16-20 weeks
• No severe malformations on ultrasound
• Regular prenatal care and medical clearance from obstetrician
• Being healthy and able to exercise following American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guidelines

Exclusion Criteria:

• Medical or obstetric complication excluding exercise ( ACOG guideline) Major surgery or trauma in past year
• Cancer diagnosis
• Cervical incompetence
• History of ≥2 spontaneous abortions
• Multiple pregnancy
• Vaginal bleeding, placenta previa, or threatened abortion
• COPD, asthma, or chronic bronchitis
• Renal, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, or systemic infections limiting exercise
• Polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios
• Not availability to attend to the physical exercise program