Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Clozapine is an effective treatment for patients with schizophrenia who do not respond to other therapies, but its blood concentration varies widely between individuals due to genetic and physiological differences. Proton pump inhibitors such as pantoprazole are often prescribed in this population to prevent stomach discomfort, yet their impact on clozapine exposure has not been fully characterized. This clinical study will investigate the pharmacokinetics of clozapine and its main metabolite norclozapine, the influence of individual characteristics on drug exposure, and the effect of pantoprazole coadministration. Healthy adult volunteers will participate in a randomized open label cross over design, receiving a single dose of clozapine alone and again after pantoprazole treatment. Outcomes include clozapine and norclozapine plasma concentration time profiles, pharmacokinetic parameters, and safety assessments.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clozapine | Active Comparator | Single dose of 12.5 mg clozapine |
|
| Clozapine and pantoprazole | Active Comparator | Single dose of 12.5 mg clozapine after five daily doses of pantoprazole tablets 40 mg to be started four days prior to the clozapine administration |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| clozapine | Drug | Single dose of 12.5 mg clozapine (half 25 mg tablet) |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Peak Plasma Concentration (Cmax) | Maximum plasma concentration of clozapine following a single oral dose | From pre-dose to 8 hours after a single oral dose of clozapine |
| Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve (AUC) | AUC of clozapine plasma concentration from time zero to the last measurable concentration following a single oral dose | From pre-dose to 8 hours after dosing |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve Extrapolated to Infinity (AUCinf) | Area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero extrapolated to infinity | From pre-dose to last measurable concentration |
| Time to Peak Concentration (Tmax) |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pusat Sejahtera (Kesihatan & Pergigian) | Pulau Pinang | 11800 | Malaysia |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40694104 | Result | Albitar O, Muda MR, Ghadzi SMS, Noor DAM, Ibrahim B, Teh CH, Akkaif MA, Aziz FA. Pharmacogenetics and pharmacometabolomics predictors of clozapine and norclozapine pharmacokinetic exposure in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2025 Oct;81(10):1429-1438. doi: 10.1007/s00228-025-03884-w. Epub 2025 Jul 22. | |
| 38836990 | Result |
Not provided
Not provided
The datasets generated during and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003024 | Clozapine |
| D000077402 | Pantoprazole |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003984 | Dibenzazepines |
| D006575 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| pantoprazole | Drug | Five daily doses of pantoprazole tablets 40 mg to be started four days prior to the clozapine administration |
|
Time to reach maximum observed plasma concentration of clozapine
| From pre-dose to 8 hours after dosing |
| Albitar O, Harun SN, Sheikh Ghadzi SM. Semi-physiological Pharmacokinetic Model of Clozapine and Norclozapine in Healthy, Non-smoking Volunteers: The Impact of Race and Genetics. CNS Drugs. 2024 Jul;38(7):571-581. doi: 10.1007/s40263-024-01092-1. Epub 2024 Jun 5. |
| D053799 | 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles |
| D013454 | Sulfoxides |
| D013457 | Sulfur Compounds |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D011725 | Pyridines |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D001562 | Benzimidazoles |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |