In response to the climate crises, Societies of Anaesthesiology around the globe call for action to reduce the carbon footprint of daily clinical work. They recommend the use of regional and total intravenous anaesthesia, and for inhalational anaesthesia cases, the use of sevoflurane with low fresh gas flow (FGF < 0.5 lpm) settings. Surprisingly, the type of anaesthesia and ventilation settings commonly used remain largely unknown. This pragmatic observational cross-sectional assessment at all anaesthesia workstations in participating European hospitals in daily routine aims to evaluate anaesthesia practices in the paediatric and adult patient population.

Inclusion Criteria:

• All patients receiving any form of anaesthesia care-whether general or regional anaesthesia, monitored sedation, or monitoring only-from an anaesthetist at an anaesthesia workstation in participating European hospitals during the selected data-collection recruitment period

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients (or legal guardians) who decline consent and patients for whom valid informed consent cannot be obtained due to language barriers or other factors preventing adequate information and understanding.

SUSTAIN-EUROPE is designed to close the knowledge gap on contemporary anaesthesia practices in both adult and paediatric populations