To establish a prospective, multicenter, real-world cohort of patients with osteomyelitis, by systematically collecting and analyzing detailed treatment and follow-up data, in order to provide clinical evidence for the standardization of its treatment

Study Design： This is a prospective, multi-center, real-world clinical study. Subjects will be assigned to different treatment regimens based on their diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Conservatively Treated Cohort: Patients with bone infection who do not meet the criteria for surgical intervention will receive conservative therapy, which includes intravenous (IV) and oral antibiotics.

Surgically Treated Cohort: Patients meeting the surgical indications will undergo a staged surgical protocol. The first stage involves debridement and implantation of antibiotic-impregnated bone cement. The need for auxiliary internal or external fixation will be determined based on the patient's condition. The second stage, performed 8 weeks after the first, focuses on repairing the bone defect.

All treatments will be conducted in accordance with current clinical practice guidelines. This study is purely observational; it will only monitor and collect data on changes in relevant parameters during the treatment process without interfering with any other clinical decisions.

Data Collection：

The following information will be recorded and collected:

1. Unique subject identifier and basic demographic information.
2. Baseline status and information prior to treatment.
3. Key information related to the surgery.
4. Post-operative follow-up information, including:

（1）Pain score (Visual Analog Scale, VAS) （2)Quality of life (Short Form-36, SF-36) (3)Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) score (4)Limb function score (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand / Lower Extremity Functional Scale, DASH/LEFS) (5)Range of motion of adjacent joints (6)Occurrence of complications.

Complications include:

1. Surgical incision complications (e.g., dehiscence, skin necrosis).
2. Pin tract infection.
3. Fixation failure or breakage.
4. Reduced joint range of motion.
5. Other discomforts deemed by the investigator to be related to the surgery.

Cohort Stratification:

To comprehensively describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of bone infection, the study data will be stratified into cohorts based on the real-world treatment received by the patients. Patients will be categorized into cohorts according to the actual treatment modality they received, with each treatment type constituting a separate cohort. All cohort classifications will be performed after data collection is complete, based on predefined criteria, and will not involve proactive intervention by the investigators.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Signed informed consent provided.
2. Diagnosis of osteomyelitis confirmed by the site per guidelines (including definitive/suggestive criteria).

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients who, in the opinion of the investigator, are unable to comply with the entire study procedure (including postoperative management and regular follow-up) due to psychiatric, cognitive, or behavioral disorders, or other objective reasons.
2. Any other condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would make the patient unsuitable for participation in the study.

The study population will consist of real-world patients with osteomyelitis from multiple centers. Based on the treatment received, participants will be retrospectively assigned to either a conservative therapy cohort or a surgical therapy cohort for analysis.

All IPD that underlie results in a publication

January 2030-January 2031

Data will be shared with qualified researchers who submit a methodologically sound proposal. Proposals must be directed to sumersun07@126.com. A data access agreement (DAA) must be signed. Data will be de-identified and the requestor must agree to the terms and conditions of the DAA, which include commitments to: 1) using the data only for the specified research purpose, 2) securing the data using appropriate computer technology, 3) destroying the data after analysis, and 4) not attempting to identify any individual participant. Requests for data will be reviewed by an internal review committee to ensure scientific validity and that the use of data is consistent with the informed consent provided by study participants.