The Accuracy Of 3D Color Ultrasonography for Detecting the Degree of Placenta Accreta Spectrum Invasion

The Accuracy Of 3D Color Ultrasonography for Detecting the Degree of Placenta Accreta Spectrum Invasion

To evaluate the correlation between preoperative ultrasound imaging findings by 3D Color Doppler Ultrasound and the intraoperative severity of Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) disorders, in order to assess the diagnostic accuracy of sonographic markers and their utility in predicting the extent of placental invasion.

Inclusion Criteria: Pregnant women with clinical or ultrasound suspicion of PAS, including:

1. Placenta previa or low-lying placenta

2. History of previous cesarean section(s) or uterine surgery (e.g., myomectomy, D&C) 2. Gestational age ≥ 28 weeks at the time of ultrasound evaluation 3. Undergoing planned cesarean delivery in the study hospital 4. Availability of preoperative ultrasound imaging performed using a standardized protocol.

   5. Patient can provide informed Written consent and Agree to participate in the study

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   Exclusion Criteria: Patients with incomplete or poor-quality ultrasound data 2. Unavailability of intraoperative confirmation of placental invasion 3. Patients with placental abruption or other causes of acute bleeding requiring emergency delivery without imaging 4. Loss to follow-up prior to delivery 5. Declined consent or withdrew participation from the study

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