Brief Summary This study, sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and conducted at the Emergency Department (ED) of Jiangnan University Affiliated Hospital, aims to optimize emergency care for critically ill patients via combining "early warning scoring" and "bedside rapid assessment".

Why the Study? Delayed identification of emergency patients at high risk of deterioration worsens outcomes; traditional assessments often miss subtle deterioration signs. This study seeks a more efficient assessment approach to help clinicians recognize high-risk patients earlier and start targeted treatment faster.

Eligibility 200-300 participants will be recruited from the hospital's ED for acute diseases (e.g., severe infection, heart failure, trauma). Inclusion: aged 18-80, with informed consent (or family consent if unable to communicate). Exclusion: severe mental illness, non-intervenable terminal illness.

Study Process All participants receive routine emergency care. The research team uses a new combined assessment tool: first a 2-minute bedside rapid assessment (vital signs, consciousness, breathing), then early warning scoring to classify risk. Doctors adjust treatment priority based on results. The team records time from admission to treatment initiation and 72-hour condition changes. No additional invasive procedures/experimental drugs are used, and no extra cost for assessments.

Potential Benefits Participants may get more timely, targeted emergency care (reducing deterioration risk and hospital stay). Study results will improve emergency care at this and other hospitals, benefiting more emergency patients.

Study Leadership Principal Investigator: Dr. Jun Liu (Attending Physician, ED of Jiangnan University Affiliated Hospital) Responsible Party: Jiangnan University Affiliated Hospital (Sponsor) Ethical Approval: Approved by the hospital's Medical Ethics Committee (Approval No.: To be filled with actual number)

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients will be eligible for enrollment if they meet all of the following conditions:

1. Age between 18 and 80 years at the time of presentation.
2. Presentation to the emergency department (ED) for acute medical evaluation.
3. Completion of at least one documented Early Warning Score (EWS) assessment upon ED admission or during the ED stay.

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients will be excluded if they meet any of the following criteria:

1. Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders or enrollment in a palliative/comfort care pathway at the time of presentation.

2. Cardiac arrest upon arrival to the ED (unresponsive, pulseless, requiring resuscitation without return of spontaneous circulation).

3. Transfer out of the hospital (to another institution or to the operating room for immediate surgery) within 24 hours of ED admission.

4. History of major cardiac surgery (e.g., coronary artery bypass grafting, valve replacement) or heart transplantation, as these conditions may alter baseline hemodynamics and limit EWS applicability.

5. Severe chronic organ dysfunction, including:

   End-stage renal disease requiring maintenance dialysis; Severe hepatic insufficiency (Child-Pugh class C or equivalent); Advanced heart failure (New York Heart Association class IV).

6. Known allergy or contraindication to iodinated contrast media (if relevant laboratory or imaging assessments are required for outcome evaluation).

7. Pregnancy, due to altered physiological parameters and ethical considerations.

8. Incomplete or missing clinical records, preventing calculation of EWS or confirmation of study endpoints.

9. Duplicate enrollment due to repeated ED visits or readmissions during the study period (only the first eligible admission will be included).

De-identified individual participant data (IPD) are pending final quality inspection, consistency verification, and standardized organization; premature sharing may lead to the use of unvalidated data, thereby compromising the reliability of secondary analyses. The current IPD will support subsequent sub-studies (e.g., disease phenotype-stratified analysis, long-term outcome correlation research). Temporary non-sharing of data prevents the redundant use of core data and ensures the integrity of this research series.

Upon completion of the aforementioned tasks (final data verification, implementation of follow-up sub-studies, confirmation of data security), the team will re-evaluate the IPD sharing arrangement. If feasible, the relevant arrangements will be promptly disclosed via ClinicalTrials.gov.