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The present study will investigate whether the combined use of lung and brain ultrasonography is useful in selecting the optimal positive end-expiratory pressure in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute brain injury, aiming at an individualized, brain-protective ventilation strategy.
The present study aims to evaluate whether the combined use of lung ultrasonography and brain ultrasonography can assist in determining the optimal positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute brain injury (ABI). In patients with concomitant respiratory and neurological injury, selecting an appropriate PEEP level is particularly challenging, as strategies that improve lung aeration may simultaneously increase intracranial pressure or compromise cerebral hemodynamics.
Lung ultrasound will be used to assess aeration patterns and guide lung recruitment through the Lung Ultrasound Score (LUS), while transcranial Doppler ultrasonography will be used to evaluate cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure surrogates, such as the pulsatility index. By integrating both assessments, the study seeks to identify a PEEP level that optimizes pulmonary function while minimizing adverse effects on cerebral physiology. The overarching goal is to develop an individualized, brain-protective ventilation strategy for patients with ARDS and ABI.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stepwise PEEP Elevation Protocol Arm | Experimental | All participants with ARDS and ABI will undergo a protocolized stepwise increase of PEEP at four levels. Each participant will serve as their own control. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stepwise Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) Increase Protocol | Procedure | The intervention includes a stepwise increase in PEEP level from 5 to 8, 12 and 16 centimeter of water (cmH2O). After each PEEP level change, lung ultrasound and transcranial doppler will be performed, and the values of intracranial pressure (ICP) and brain oxygen partial pressure (PO2), as well as the mechanical ventilation parameters, will be recorded. Arterial blood gases will be taken 20 minutes later. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Difference in PEEP Levels Between Optimal PEEP (LUS-Guided) and Safe PEEP (TCD and Respiratory Mechanics-Guided) | Optimal PEEP is determined using the Lung Ultrasound Score (LUS; aeration score 0-36), while Safe PEEP is determined based on Transcranial Doppler (TCD) measurements (Pulsatility Index, mean flow velocity) and respiratory mechanics parameters (driving pressure, plateau pressure, compliance). The outcome represents the difference between Optimal PEEP and Safe PEEP expressed in cmHâ‚‚O. Unit of Measure: cmHâ‚‚O | From the start of the intervention until completion of the PEEP titration procedure, within approximately 120 minutes from intervention initiation. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Correlation Between PEEP Difference and Clinical Outcomes | Correlation between the difference in PEEP levels (cmHâ‚‚O) and the following clinical outcomes: duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU/hospital mortality. Unit of Measure: PEEP difference: cmHâ‚‚O, Duration of mechanical ventilation: days, ICU length of stay: days, ICU mortality: %, Hospital mortality: % | From the intervention until ICU discharge and hospital discharge, assessed up to 90 days |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theodoros Schizodimos, MD | Contact | +306973439717 | teoschizo@gmail.com | |
| Georgia Pitsiou, PhD | Contact | gpitsiou@yahoo.gr |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Theodoros Schizodimos, MD | 2nd Intensive Care Unit, George Papanikolaou General Hospital of Thessaloniki | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| George Papanikolaou General Hospital | Recruiting | Thessaloniki | 54248 | Greece |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot | Yes | No | No | Study Protocol | Oct 19, 2025 | Oct 23, 2025 |
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|
| Prot_000.pdf |
| SAP | No | Yes | No | Statistical Analysis Plan | Oct 19, 2025 | Oct 23, 2025 | SAP_001.pdf |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012128 | Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
| D001930 | Brain Injuries |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D012120 | Respiration Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D006259 | Craniocerebral Trauma |
| D020196 | Trauma, Nervous System |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011175 | Positive-Pressure Respiration |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012121 | Respiration, Artificial |
| D058109 | Airway Management |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D012138 | Respiratory Therapy |
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