CMR T1 tissue mapping helps in detection and quantification of the microscopic myocardial fibrosis and is more accurate and non invasive maneuver.

Chronic thyroid diseased patients either hypo or hyperthyroidism may develop arrhythmias or even atrial fibrillation which is worrisome. And since early detection provides the early management, T1 tissue mapping of the heart provides accurate quantification of the myocardial fibrosis throughout the imaged organ.

Inclusion Criteria:

• patients with chronic thyroid disease.

Exclusion Criteria:

• patients with other chronic illnesses ( diabetes, hypertension, .. etc).
• patients received neck radiation therapy.

Hypo and hyperthyroidism in both genders.