Diabetes mellitus

This study aims to establish both retrospective and prospective cohorts of patients with type 2 diabetes, enabling long-term follow-up of metabolic factors and related complications (such as cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, and neuropathy), as well as changes in nutritional status and physical function (including dietary habits, body composition, and grip strength). The goal is to identify risk factors that influence clinical outcomes and to provide evidence to support individualized treatment and integrated care strategies.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Adults aged 18 or older.
2. Patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (based on medical history, diagnostic code, or use of hypoglycemic medication).
3. Participants are willing to participate in the study and have signed the consent form.
4. Participants are able to complete basic assessments (e.g., height, weight, waist circumference, grip strength, body composition, etc.).

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Individuals who cannot understand the study content.
2. Individuals who cannot cooperate with relevant assessments.
3. Other individuals who are clinically deemed unsuitable for participation by the project leader.

This study will recruit adult participants aged 18 years or older who have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as confirmed by medical history, diagnostic codes, or current use of hypoglycemic medications. Eligible participants must be willing to join the study and provide written informed consent. In addition, they should be able to complete the required baseline assessments, including anthropometric and functional measurements such as height, weight, waist circumference, handgrip strength, and body composition.