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This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an information-assisted intervention in enhancing knowledge, decision self-efficacy, and reducing decisional conflict among potential living kidney donors. Using a one-group pretest-posttest design, participants will be recruited from the urology and kidney transplant outpatient clinics of two hospitals in northern Taiwan. After providing informed consent and completing a baseline questionnaire (T0), participants will receive a four-week information-assisted intervention in addition to routine care, with follow-up assessments at 4 weeks (T1) and 8 weeks (T2). Data will be collected using structured questionnaires assessing decisional conflict, decision self-efficacy, knowledge, positive thinking, family resilience, and satisfaction with the intervention.
The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of an information-assisted intervention in improving knowledge, decision self-efficacy, and decisional conflict among potential living kidney donors.
A one-group pretest-posttest design will be adopted. During the study period, participants will be recruited through convenience sampling from the urology and kidney transplant outpatient clinics of two hospitals in northern Taiwan. Eligible potential donors who have completed medical examinations and return for follow-up visits to review tissue matching and laboratory test results will be invited to participate in the study (experimental group). After providing informed consent, participants will complete a baseline questionnaire (T0) in a private setting.
Participants will then receive the information-assisted intervention, followed by the first posttest (T1) at 4 weeks and the second posttest (T2) at 8 weeks after T0. In addition to routine care, the experimental group will receive a four-week information-assisted intervention.
Data will be collected using structured questionnaires, including the Decisional Conflict Scale, Decision Self-Efficacy Scale, Knowledge Test on Living Kidney Donation, Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Questionnaire, Positive Thinking Scale, Evaluation Form for the Information-Assisted Program, and the Family Resilience Scale.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Information-Assisted group | Experimental |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Information-Assisted Intervention | Other | The intervention content was formulated based on previous Delphi study results and a comprehensive literature review. To facilitate comprehension, the educational materials were presented using illustrations, mind maps, tables, and concise text in an educational manual. Participants may record questions arising during their learning process, which will be discussed and clarified during consultation sessions by members of the transplant team, including physicians, social workers, and transplant coordinators. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Decision Self-Efficacy Scale | The Chinese version of the Decision Self-Efficacy Scale from the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute will be used. This 11-item scale measures individuals' confidence in making informed decisions. Each item is scored from 0-4, with total scores converted to a range of 0-100. Higher scores reflect stronger decision self-efficacy. | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention), 4 weeks (T1) and 8 weeks (T2) after Baseline |
| Decisional Conflict Scale | The study will employ the Chinese version of the Decisional Conflict Scale developed by the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. The 16-item scale uses a 0-4 rating system (0 = yes, 4 = no). Total scores are calculated as (sum of items ÷ number of items) × 25, yielding a range of 0-100. Higher scores indicate greater decisional conflict. | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention), 4 weeks (T1) and 8 weeks (T2) after Baseline |
| Knowledge Test on Living Kidney Donation | A 31-item self-developed test will assess participants' knowledge regarding living kidney donation, including anatomy, legal regulations, donor eligibility, medical coverage, surgical risks, postoperative complications, and post-surgical care. Each question has three options: True, False, and Unclear. Correct answers receive 1 point, while incorrect or unclear answers receive 0 points. Higher total scores indicate better knowledge. | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention), 4 weeks (T1) and 8 weeks (T2) after Baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Positive Thinking Scale | The Chinese version of the Positive Thinking Scale will be employed to assess participants' optimism and goal orientation. The 18-item instrument has a total score range of 18-80, where higher scores indicate greater personal satisfaction and goal pursuit. | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention), 4 weeks (T1) and 8 weeks (T2) after Baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Family Resilience Scale | The Short Form of the Chinese Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS) will be used to measure family resilience among potential donors. Each of the 32 items is rated on a 4-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 4 = strongly agree), producing total scores from 32 to 128. Higher scores reflect greater family resilience. | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
- Deemed unsuitable for kidney donation after evaluation by a transplant specialist
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ching-Hui Chien, PhD | Contact | +886-2-28227101 | 3103 | chinghui@ntunhs.edu.tw |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chang Gung Memorial Hospital | Recruiting | Taoyuan | 333 | Taiwan |
Data supporting this study's findings are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The data are not publicly available due to the consideration of ethics, the researchers shall maintain the privacy of the participants, and research data should be used only for academic articles.
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| Evaluation of the Information-Assisted Program | A five-item self-developed questionnaire will be used to evaluate participants' acceptance and satisfaction with the intervention. Scores range from 0-100, with higher values indicating stronger satisfaction and agreement that the intervention was beneficial and appropriate for future potential donors. | 4 weeks (T1) after Baseline |
| Demographic and Clinical Characteristics-Age | Actual age (years) | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention) |
| Demographic and Clinical Characteristics-Sex | Male / Female | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention) |
| Demographic and Clinical Characteristics-Marital Status | Single, Married, Divorced, Separated, Widowed, Cohabiting | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention) |
| Demographic and Clinical Characteristics-Education | None, Elementary, Junior High, Senior High, College/University, Graduate/Doctorate, Other | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention) |
| Demographic and Clinical Characteristics-Religion | None, Taoism, Buddhism, Catholicism, Christianity, I-Kuan Tao, Other | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention) |
| Demographic and Clinical Characteristics-Occupation | None, Physically demanding, Mentally demanding, Both, Neither, Retired, Other | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention) |
| Demographic and Clinical Characteristics-Relationship to Recipient | Spouse, Sibling, Parent-child, Relative, Other | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention) |
| Demographic and Clinical Characteristics-Perceived Health Status | One item; Score range 0-100; higher = better health perception | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention) |
| Demographic and Clinical Characteristics-Chronic Diseases | None, Diabetes, Hypertension, Heart disease, Asthma, Bronchitis, Other | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention) |
| Demographic and Clinical Characteristics-Serum Creatinine (mg/dL) | Higher values indicate poorer renal function | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention) |
| Demographic and Clinical Characteristics-24-h Creatinine Clearance (mL/min) | Higher values indicate better renal function | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention) |
| Demographic and Clinical Characteristics-Estimated GFR (mL/min/1.73m²) | Higher values indicate better renal function | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention) |
| Demographic and Clinical Characteristics-Urine Protein | None, Present, Other | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention) |
| Demographic and Clinical Characteristics-Serum Creatinine-Body Weight (kilograms) | Measured in kilograms | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention) |
| Demographic and Clinical Characteristics-Height (centimeters) | Measured in centimeters | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention) |
| Demographic and Clinical Characteristics-Information Source | None, Physician, Transplant Coordinator, Nurse/NP, Other | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention) |
| Demographic and Clinical Characteristics-Decision Status | No, Considering, Yes | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention), 4 weeks (T1) and 8 weeks (T2) after Baseline |
| Demographic and Clinical Characteristics-Family Support | Supportive, Neutral, Not supportive | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention) |
| Recipient-Related Clinical Data-Dialysis Treatment | Yes / No (Hemodialysis or Peritoneal Dialysis) | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention) |
| Recipient-Related Clinical Data-Serum Creatinine (mg/dL) | Higher values indicate poorer renal function | Baseline (T0, prior to intervention) |