Alveolar ridge resorption is an unavoidable consequence in complete denture wearers due to limited retention and stability. Implant-retained overdentures enhance retention, stability, and masticatory performance while reducing ridge resorption and improving patients' quality of life.

Among attachment systems, ball-type anchors have long been favored for their simplicity and cost-effectiveness. However, the Equator attachment has emerged as a refined alternative, providing superior retention and stability for implant overdentures.

Functional performance can be evaluated through electromyography, which records masticatory muscle activity, and the T-Scan system, which analyzes occlusal force distribution and timing during dynamic occlusion. Additionally, bite force measurement serves as a key indicator of prosthetic efficiency and neuromuscular function, with implant-retained overdentures showing higher values than conventional dentures. This study aimed to compare bone level changes, occlusal force distribution in patients wearing mandibular implant overdentures retained by Equator and ball-and-socket attachments.

All 24 patients will receive upper complete and lower complete overdentures. The upper complete denture will be mucosa supported while lower complete denture will be retained for by two dental implants in the inter-foraminal region. Patients will be divided into two equal groups; Group I will be retained by Ball and Socket attachment, while Group II will be retained by Equator attachment. Both groups will be functionally loaded after three months of insertion. This study aimed to compare bone level changes, occlusal force distribution in patients wearing mandibular implant overdentures retained by Equator and ball-and-socket attachments. Bone level changes will be measured using CBCT, While occlusal force will be measured using Tscan system.

Inclusion Criteria:

• All patients age must range from 55- 60 years old.
• All patients' ridges should be covered with firm mucosa free from any signs of inflammation or ulceration and exhibit adequate height and width of the residual alveolar ridge.
• Patients should be free from any metabolic or bone disorder that contraindicate implant installation.
• All patients must have sufficient inter arch space

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with oral or systemic diseases.
2. Patients with xerostomia or excessive salivation.
3. Patients with parafunctional habits (bruxism or clenching).
4. Heavy smoker or alcoholic patients.
5. Patients with history of temporo-mandibular dysfunction.
6. Patients with brain disorders or psychiatric disorders

Male patients aged between 55 and 60 years with completely edentulous maxillary and mandibular arches were included in the study. All participants demonstrated good oral hygiene, an Angle Class I maxilla-mandibular relationship, and adequate interarch space. The residual alveolar ridges were covered by firm, healthy mucosa without signs of inflammation, ulceration, or flabbiness.

Study Protocol and Clinical Study Report

Start Date: After publication End Date: 3 years

After publication through the corresponding author