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This prospective prehabilitation trial evaluated the effectiveness of an individualized exercise program initiated before breast cancer surgery and maintained for 12 months. The intervention aimed to promote functional recovery and improve patient-reported outcomes.
Women scheduled for breast surgery due to breast cancer were enrolled in an individualized prehabilitation program that began in the preoperative period and continued for 12 months. The exercise program included range-of-motion, strengthening, and postural correction exercises delivered through supervised and home-based sessions. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline and at 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months. Functional outcomes, shoulder range of motion, pain intensity, lymphedema development, and patient-reported quality of life were assessed.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single Group Assignment | Other |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise-Based Prehabilitation Program | Behavioral | The exercise program was delivered to patients through both visual and written materials, accompanied by face-to-face training sessions conducted by a physiotherapist. A home-based program was designed separately for the pre-surgery phase, postoperative day 1, day 3, day 7, and the maintenance period. The exercise template included postural correction, breathing, aerobic, stretching, and resistive strengthening exercises targeting muscles in adjacent to the shoulder joint and mobilization of scapulothoracic complex via stretching and strengthening exercises of periscapular muscles. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Shoulder Range of Motion | Measurement of Flexion, Abduction, Internal and External Rotation of Shoulder with goniometer | baseline, 1st-3rd-6th-12th month |
| Pain Intensity | measure of pain with VAS (Visual analog scale) | baseline, 1st-3rd-6th-12th month |
| Functional Outcomes | measure of upper extremity functions with UEFI-15 (Upper extremity functional index) instrument | baseline and 12th month |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| fatigue | measure of fatigue condition with FSS (Fatigue severity scale) instrument | baseline and 12th month |
| Quality of Life impairment | measure of Quality of Life with EORTC-QLQ-C30 (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire) instrument |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
female
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balikesir Ataturk City Hospital Affiliated with University of Health Sciences | Balıkesir | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33072603 | Result | Brahmbhatt P, Sabiston CM, Lopez C, Chang E, Goodman J, Jones J, McCready D, Randall I, Rotstein S, Santa Mina D. Feasibility of Prehabilitation Prior to Breast Cancer Surgery: A Mixed-Methods Study. Front Oncol. 2020 Sep 25;10:571091. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.571091. eCollection 2020. | |
| 34110101 | Result | Michael CM, Lehrer EJ, Schmitz KH, Zaorsky NG. Prehabilitation exercise therapy for cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Med. 2021 Jul;10(13):4195-4205. doi: 10.1002/cam4.4021. Epub 2021 Jun 10. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001943 | Breast Neoplasms |
| D005221 | Fatigue |
| D008209 | Lymphedema |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009371 | Neoplasms by Site |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
| D001941 | Breast Diseases |
| D012871 | Skin Diseases |
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|
| baseline and 12th month |
| lymphedema | Limb volume difference >10% or clinical signs of edema | baseline and 12th month |
| 39757306 | Result | Alicia DRJ, Manuel GS, Ignacio CVA. Physical prehabilitation in patients with breast cancer: a systematic review. Support Care Cancer. 2025 Jan 6;33(1):71. doi: 10.1007/s00520-024-09122-w. |
| 41612417 | Derived | Akin T, Akin M, Kucuk AI, Iriagac Y. The impact of exercise prehabilitation on upper extremity range of motions, functionality and quality of life in breast cancer survivors: a prospective clinical trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2026 Jan 29;18(1):122. doi: 10.1186/s13102-026-01534-x. |
| D017437 |
| Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D008206 | Lymphatic Diseases |
| D006425 | Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases |