This prospective cohort study collected baseline data and followed up obese patients at their first visit to a weight loss clinic. The study examined the impact of various predictors and biomarkers on weight loss outcomes, aiming to establish an evidence-based foundation for personalized weight loss treatment.

Participants underwent a battery of measurements and questionnaires, including height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood tests, and questionnaires addressing diet, exercise, stress, sleep, measure handgrip strength ,and psychological well-being.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Adults aged 18 years or older, regardless of gender.
2. Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/m², or ≥ 24 kg/m² with one or more obesity-related comorbidities.
3. Willing to undergo any form of weight loss intervention.
4. Able to read and understand Chinese, willing to complete questionnaires, blood tests, and follow-up follow-up.
5. Voluntarily consent to participate and be willing to complete the subject consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnant or breastfeeding women.
2. Individuals with significant mental illness (e.g., schizophrenia, severe depression) or cognitive impairment that may affect their ability to consent or cooperate with the study.
3. Individuals with severe organ dysfunction (e.g., end-stage renal disease, cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, etc.).
4. Individuals taking medications that significantly affect their weight (e.g., long-term steroids or antipsychotics) and cannot be discontinued.
5. Individuals deemed unsuitable for participation in this study by the study leader (e.g., individuals who are expected to be unable to complete follow-up).

Participate were first diagnosed at the weight loss clinic at the National Taiwan University Hospital.