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The study aimed to explore the link between urinary incontinence (UI) severity in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), electromyography (EMG) findings, and other relevant factors.
The study will consist of a cross-sectional observational analysis involving a cohort of 47 PwMS. The assessment will be employed various instruments, including the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Neurogenic Bladder Symptom Score (NBSS), International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF), Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), EMG.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) | Adults diagnosed with multiple sclerosis will be included in the study. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Expanded disability status scale (EDSS) | The Expanded disability status scale (EDSS) will be assessed disability and progression in PwMS, with scores from 0 (normal neurological exam) to 10 (death from MS). Higher scores indicate greater disability. | Single assessment at enrollment |
| Neurogenic Bladder Symptom Score (NBSS) | Storage, voiding, and complication symptoms of neurogenic bladder will be assessed with the Neurogenic Bladder Symptom Score (NBSS), a 24-item questionnaire covering incontinence, storage and voiding, and outcomes. | Single assessment at enrollment |
| International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF) | The frequency and amount of leakage will be assessed using a six-item scale, and urinary incontinence will be categorised into four groups: mild (1-5), moderate (6-12), severe (13-18) and very severe. | Single assessment at enrollment |
| Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) | Urinary symptoms' impact on daily activities was assessed with the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7). The 7-item Likert scale has a score range of 0-21, with higher scores reflecting an increased negative impact of incontinence on social functioning, quality of life, and physical activity. | Single assessment at enrollment |
| Pelvic Floor Muscle Activity | An electromyography (EMG) device with surface electrodes will be used to assess pelvic floor muscle (PFM) activity. Patients received training beforehand, and measurements were taken noninvasively with two electrodes around the perineum and vagina and one on the inner thigh in women. | Single assessment at enrollment |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Only women with MS will be included.
Women diagnosed with MS will be included in the study.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zeynep Yıldız Kızkın | Contact | 5346945085 | +90 | pt.zeynepyildiz@gmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Zeynep Yıldız Kızkın | Artvin Coruh University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital | Recruiting | Istanbul | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27120000 | Background | Zecca C, Riccitelli GC, Disanto G, Singh A, Digesu GA, Panicari L, Puccini F, Mattioli M, Tubaro A, Gobbi C. Urinary incontinence in multiple sclerosis: prevalence, severity and impact on patients' quality of life. Eur J Neurol. 2016 Jul;23(7):1228-34. doi: 10.1111/ene.13010. Epub 2016 Apr 27. | |
| 29956001 | Background |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009103 | Multiple Sclerosis |
| D014549 | Urinary Incontinence |
| D005221 | Fatigue |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020278 | Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS |
| D020274 | Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D003711 | Demyelinating Diseases |
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| International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) |
The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) assesses the frequency and duration of vigorous, moderate, and walking-like activities over a week. The values are multiplied by factors of 8, 4, and 3.3 Metabolic Equivalent of Tasks, respectively, to help measure overall physical activity. The minimum score for the IPAQ is 0, while there is no theoretically determined maximum score. Higher scores are associated with the individual engaging in a higher level of physical activity. |
| Single assessment at enrollment |
| Fatigue severity scale (FSS) | Fatigue severity scale (FSS) assesses fatigue severity in MS with nine items rated on a 7-point Likert scale. The mean score, adapted to Turkish society, indicates pathological fatigue if it is 4 or higher. | Single assessment at enrollment |
| Tornic J, Panicker JN. The Management of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2018 Jun 28;18(8):54. doi: 10.1007/s11910-018-0857-z. |
| 39871990 | Background | Afshari P, Abedi P, Majdinasab N, Tafakh S, Haghighizadeh M. Strengths of pelvic floor muscles in women with multiple sclerosis and its relationship with urinary incontinence and quality of life. Front Neurol. 2025 Jan 13;15:1514157. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1514157. eCollection 2024. |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
| D014555 | Urination Disorders |
| D014570 | Urologic Diseases |
| D052776 | Female Urogenital Diseases |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |
| D059411 | Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms |
| D020924 | Urological Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |