1. Initial Assessment:

   Comprehensive evaluation is necessary to ascertain the degree of ankle sprain (Grade 1 or Grade 2), range of motion, discomfort, swelling, and functional restrictions at the beginning of treatment.

   • Grade 1 Sprain: Minimal swelling, mild ligament stretching, and no significant impairment of function.
   • Grade 2 Sprain: Moderate swelling, pain while bearing weight, reduced range of motion, and partial ligament treatment

2. Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) Treatment

   • General Principles of LLLT for Ankle Sprains Purpose: LLLT is used to improve circulation, lessen pain and inflammation, and promote tissue repair.

Mechanism of Action: By promoting mitochondrial activity, LLLT raises the synthesis of collagen and ATP. By releasing endorphins and increasing nitric oxide, it improves circulation, lowers inflammation, and regulates pain.

LLLT parameters for lateral ankle sprains in grades 1 and 2

• Wavelength: For deeper tissue penetration (targeting ligaments and te

The 34-item Foot and Ankle Disability Index is broken down into two subscales: the Foot and Ankle Disability Index and the Foot and Ankle Disability Index Sport. FADI has 26 items, whereas FADI Sport has only 8 items. FADI consists of 4 items dealing with pain and 22 items dealing with activities. 8 items in FADI-Sport are activity related. It tests more complex aspects that are crucial to sports. In contrast to FADI, FADI Sport is a subscale derived from the original population scale and specifically tailored for athletes. It is designed to fill this need by identifying the lower-functioning subjects in terms of the higher functions

An outcome measure that provides a unidimensional gauge of pain intensity in adults. A respondent chooses an integer between 0 (no pain) and 10 (worst possible pain). Higher scores indicate greater pain severity.

Range of Motion is the maximum movement a joint can achieve, assessed through active (AROM) and passive (PROM) methods, typically measured in degrees using a goniometer. Higher values indicate greater mobility.