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The aim is to compare the postoperative analgesic effects of Modified ThoracoAbdominal nerve block through Perichondrial Approach (M-TAPA) versus Rectus Sheath Block (RSB) in patients undergoing laparotomy with midline abdominal incision.
Patients were divided into two randomized groups: Group 1 (S-TAP group, n=30) and Group 2 (RSB group, n=30). All patients will receive the same standard general anesthesia per hospital protocol. All blocks will be applied with the same ultrasonography and block equipment, and by the same physician. All patients will receive Paracetamol 1gr and Dexketoprofen 50mg intravenous (IV) 10 minutes prior to skin closure. After the surgery waqs completed, patients in Group 1 will receive modified thoracoabdominal nerve block through perichondrial approach (M-TAPA) with 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine bilaterally (with a total volume of 40 mL). Patients in Group 2 will receive rectus sheath block (RSB) with 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine bilaterally (with a total volume of 40 mL). Routine analgesic procedure consisting of 3x1gr Paracetamol and 2x50mg Dexketoprofen will be followed postoperatively for 24 hours. Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) will be used to assess postoperative pain on 1st, 6th, 12th, 18th and 24th hours after the surgery. Tramadol 50mg IV will be administered as a rescue analgesic for all patients if NRS score is equal to or higher than 4. Total Tramadol consumption will be calculated.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| M-TAPA | Active Comparator | For this group, M-TAPA blocks will be performed bilaterally right after the surgery completion with the patients in supine position. For M-TAPA, a high frequency linear transducer USG will be placed on the chondrium in the sagittal plane at the level of the 9th-10th ribs. Then, the probe will be angled deeply to visualize the lower aspect of the costochondrium. The block needle will be inserted in-plane aiming toward the plane just below the chondrium. After negative aspiration and hidrodissection with 1-2 mL of saline and verifying the location of the needle tip, 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine will be administered on each side, with a total of 40 mL bilaterally. |
|
| RSB | Active Comparator | For this group, RS blocks will be performed bilaterally right after the surgery completion with the patients in supine position. For RSB, a high frequency linear transducer USG is placed above the umbilicus transversely. The probe will then be moved laterally until the rectus abdominis muscle, its posterior sheath and the peritoneum can be visualized clearly. The block needle will be inserted in-plane from lateral to medial direction, aiming toward the posterior sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle. After negative aspiration and hidrodissection with 1-2 mL of saline and verifying the location of the needle tip, 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine will be administered on each side, with a total of 40 mL bilaterally. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Modified thoracoabdominal nerve block through perichondrial approach (M-TAPA) | Procedure | 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine on each side |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Scores | Numerical rating scale is used for pain assessment. The scores of the numerical rating scale changes between 0 to 10 points. 10 points mean "the most severe pain that the patient ever had". 0 point means "there is no pain." Higher scores mean worse outcome. | Postoperative 24 hours |
| Total tramadol consumption | Postoperative total rescue analgesic need was recorded as "milligram" in unit. | Postoperative 24 hours |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Oğuz Gündoğdu | Sivas Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Anesthesiology and Reanimation | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sivas Cumhuriyet University | Sivas | Sivas | 58140 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010149 | Pain, Postoperative |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D010146 | Pain |
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| Rectus Sheath Block | Procedure | 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine on each side |
|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |