This randomized clinical trial compares virtually designed custom-made titanium plates with conventional three-dimensional (3D) lambda plates for the fixation of mandibular subcondylar fractures. A total of 24 fracture sites will be treated using a retromandibular trans-masseteric approach and evaluated through virtual surgical planning, radiographic analysis, and functional outcomes. The study aims to determine whether customized plates provide superior anatomical accuracy, stability, and recovery compared with standard 3D plates.

Mandibular subcondylar fractures can affect occlusion, mandibular function, and facial symmetry, and remain a topic of ongoing clinical debate regarding optimal fixation methods. Conventional management often relies on standardized three-dimensional (3D) plates, such as the lambda configuration, which provides reliable fixation but may not precisely conform to the individual patient's anatomy.

Advances in virtual surgical planning (VSP) and computer-aided design now allow for the fabrication of patient-specific titanium plates that follow the exact contours of each patient's mandibular anatomy. These customized implants may improve reduction accuracy, minimize inter-fragmentary gaps, enhance postoperative stability, and reduce intraoperative manipulation.

In this study, 24 subcondylar fracture sites will be randomly assigned to either a patient-specific custom-made plate group or a conventional 3D lambda plate group. All procedures will be performed using the retromandibular trans-masseteric approach. Preoperative planning will include CT-based segmentation, virtual fracture reduction, and 3D model generation. Postoperative follow-up will be conducted at multiple intervals to assess radiographic bone healing, condylar and gonial width symmetry, inter-fragmentary gap, mandibular function, pain scores, occlusion, edema, and soft tissue healing.

The study seeks to evaluate whether the use of a customized fixation system results in measurable improvements in surgical precision and functional recovery compared with standard 3D plating techniques. Findings from this clinical trial may support evidence-based decision-making in the selection of fixation systems for subcondylar fractures and clarify the potential clinical benefits of patient-specific implant technology.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult Patients with mandibular subcondylar fracture indicated for open reduction and internal fixation.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with systemic diseases that affect tissue healing.
• Mandibular condylar head or neck fractures. (Condylar neck is the where the caudal portion of the joint capsule attaches. It is the thin constricted area immediately below the condylar head.)