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This prospective observational study aims to investigate the frequency and clinical significance of biofilm formation on thoracic chest drains used after thoracic surgery. Biofilms are structured bacterial communities that adhere to surfaces and can promote infection and antibiotic resistance. In this study, small samples from the tips of chest drains will be collected under sterile conditions at the time of drain removal and analyzed in the microbiology laboratory.
The main objectives are to evaluate the relationship between the duration of chest drain placement and the presence of biofilm, and to identify the antibiotic resistance profiles of microorganisms isolated from these biofilms. Secondary outcomes include the association between biofilm formation, postoperative infections (such as empyema or wound infection), and the length of hospital stay.
This study will be conducted at Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery, in collaboration with the Department of Microbiology. The findings are expected to contribute to better understanding of optimal drain management and infection prevention strategies after thoracic surgery.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 -Short Drain Duration (≤2 Days) | Participants whose thoracic chest drains were removed within 2 days after surgery. Drain tip samples from these patients will be analyzed for biofilm formation and microbiological culture. |
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| Group 2 - Moderate Drain Duration (3-4 Days) | Participants whose thoracic chest drains remained in place for 3 to 4 days postoperatively. Drain tips will be examined for biofilm presence and bacterial growth patterns. |
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| Group 3 - Long Drain Duration (≥5 Days) | Participants with chest drains in place for 5 days or longer. Biofilm formation, bacterial species identification, and antibiotic resistance profiles will be evaluated. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chest Drain Tip Sampling | Other | No active intervention; routine chest drain removal followed by microbiological and biofilm analysis of drain tip samples. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Presence and Intensity of Biofilm Formation on Chest Drain Tips | Biofilm formation on the inner surface of chest drain tips will be evaluated using a microplate crystal violet staining method. The optical density (OD) at 492 nm will be measured, and biofilm intensity will be classified according to the Christensen and Chusri scale (non, weak, moderate, strong). The proportion of patients with biofilm-positive drain tips will be recorded and compared across drain duration groups. | At the time of chest drain removal (postoperative days 1-7) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Adult patients (≥18 years old) who undergo elective thoracic surgery at Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine and require postoperative chest drain placement. Participants are prospectively enrolled and observed until drain removal. Drain tip samples are collected for microbiological and biofilm analysis.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ondokuz Mayis University Medical Faculty, Department of Thoracic Surgery | Recruiting | Samsun | Samsun | 55139 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared because the dataset includes sensitive clinical and microbiological information collected from a single-center study. Data will be used only for the approved research protocol and analyzed in aggregate form to protect participant confidentiality in accordance with institutional and national data protection regulations.
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Small sections of chest drain tips will be collected for microbiological culture and biofilm analysis. No genetic or DNA-based testing will be performed.