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The aim of this study is to examine the effect of laughter yoga on well-being and psychological adjustment in first-year midwifery students and to evaluate its potential contributions in the context of adaptation to the educational process. The research is a randomized controlled experimental study. The study will be conducted at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University.
The population of the study consists of all students newly enrolled in the Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, in the 2025-2026 academic year. No sampling will be carried out; instead, all students who meet the inclusion criteria and volunteer to participate will be included in the study.
Participants will be randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group (who will receive the laughter yoga intervention) and the control group (who will not receive any intervention). Thus, the study will be conducted as a randomized controlled experimental research.
The research data will be collected using the General Health Questionnaire, Student Information Form, Subjective Well-Being Scale, Psychological Well-Being Scale, and The Short Version of the Scales of General Well-Being.
The study group consists of first-year students who started their studies in the Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, in the fall semester of the 2025-2026 academic year. Participants will first be screened psychologically using the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). Students who are found not suitable for the study based on psychological screening will be excluded from the research.
Students included in the study will be randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Students in the experimental group will participate in laughter yoga sessions conducted twice a week (Thursday and Friday) for four weeks, outside of class hours and in an indoor setting. The sessions will be carried out in subgroups of 9-10 students each, with a total of eight sessions. Students in the control group will not receive any intervention.
Data will be collected at three points: pre-test (October 2025, before the intervention), post-test (November 2025, at the end of the fourth week of the intervention), and follow-up test (December 2025, one month after the intervention).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental | Experimental | Students in the experimental group will participate in laughter yoga sessions conducted twice a week (Thursday and Friday) for four weeks, outside of class hours and in an indoor setting. The sessions will be carried out in subgroups of 9-10 students each, with a total of eight sessions. After completing the eight-session intervention, participants were sent reminder exercises via WhatsApp group for four weeks, and participants provided feedback with emojis as they practiced. |
|
| Control | No Intervention | Students in the control group will not receive any intervention. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laughter Yoga | Behavioral | Students in the experimental group will participate in laughter yoga sessions conducted twice a week (Thursday and Friday) for four weeks, outside of class hours and in an indoor setting. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| General Health Questionnaire | The original version of the questionnaire, developed by David Goldberg in 1978, consists of 60 items and is used to determine the level of general psychopathology and to identify psychiatric cases in community surveys. All adaptations show high correlations with each other. .In this study, the GHQ-12, consisting of 12 items, was used. Each item asks about symptoms experienced over the past few weeks and has four response options: "not at all," "no more than usual," "rather more than usual," and "much more than usual." These four options are coded as 0 for "not at all," 1 for "no more than usual," 2 for "rather more than usual," and 3 for "much more than usual," or the administrator reads each item aloud and records the participant's response. In this study, the GHQ-type scoring used in Kılıç's (1996) validity and reliability study was applied. Therefore, participants with a GHQ-12 total score of 2 or higher are considered "cases requiring mental health assessment. | At the time of study enrollment (baseline) |
| Student Information Form | Prepared by the researchers based on the literature, it includes questions such as age, parents' educational level, and voluntarily choosing the midwifery program. | At the time of study enrollment (baseline) |
| Subjective Well-Being Scale | Developed by Tuzgöl-Dost (2005), the scale aims to determine individuals' levels of subjective well-being by assessing their cognitive evaluations of life and the frequency and intensity of positive and negative emotions experienced. The scale consists of 46 items, 26 of which are positive and 20 negative statements. Negative items are reverse-scored. The total score ranges from 46 to 230, with higher scores indicating higher levels of subjective well-being. The scale uses a five-point Likert format: (5) Completely Agree, (4) Mostly Agree, (3) Partially Agree, (2) Slightly Agree, and (1) Strongly Disagree. To assess reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the test-retest method were used. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was found to be 0.93, and the test-retest reliability for the entire scale was 0.86. For validity, confirmatory factor analysis showed factor loadings between 0.32 and 0.63. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Rumeysa ÖZAYABAKAN, Asst. Prof. | Agri Ibrahim Cecen University | Study Director |
| Betül UNCU | İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa | Principal Investigator |
| Ebru SOLMAZ | Agri Ibrahim Cecen University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen Üniversitesi | Ağrı | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000092862 | Psychological Well-Being |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010549 | Personal Satisfaction |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D027641 | Laughter Therapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D026441 | Mind-Body Therapies |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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| At baseline (pre-test), immediately after the intervention (post-test), and at 1-month follow-up |
| Psychological Well-Being Scale | The Psychological Well-Being Scale was developed by Diener and colleagues (2009-2010) to complement existing well-being measures and to assess socio-psychological well-being. The Turkish adaptation of the scale was conducted by Telef (2011; 2013). Items on the Psychological Well-Being Scale are rated on a 7-point Likert scale, from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). All items are positively worded. Total scores range from 8 (if a respondent answers "strongly disagree" to all items) to 56 (if a respondent answers "strongly agree" to all items). Higher scores indicate that the individual possesses multiple psychological resources and strengths. | At baseline (pre-test), immediately after the intervention (post-test), and at 1-month follow-up |
| The Short Version of the Scales of General Well-Being | The Short Version of the Scales of General Well-Being (SVSGW) was developed by Longo, Coyne, and Joseph. The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of this scale were established by Kalafatoğlu and Balcı Çelik. The scale is a single-factor instrument consisting of 13 items rated on a five-point Likert scale. The minimum possible score on the scale is 13 and the maximum score is 65. Higher scores indicate a higher level of general well-being. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the original scale was reported as 0.90. | At baseline (pre-test), immediately after the intervention (post-test), and at 1-month follow-up |