Web-Based Exercise Program for Non-Specific Low Back Pain

Effectiveness of Web-Based Exercise Programs in the Management of Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a web application-based exercise program (delivered via Physitrack) for managing non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) compared to traditional home exercise programs. The trial focuses on whether web-based delivery can improve pain, function, quality of life, and adherence, providing evidence for digital rehabilitation as a practical alternative to conventional physiotherapy.

Non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) is a prevalent condition associated with pain, functional limitations, and reduced quality of life. Access to in-person physiotherapy can be limited by geographic, financial, or time-related constraints. Web-based exercise programs offer an accessible alternative by delivering personalized exercises, educational content, reminders, and self-monitoring tools via digital platforms.

This study aims to investigate whether a structured web application-based exercise program can improve outcomes for adults with NSLBP compared to traditional home exercises. The trial addresses gaps in current evidence regarding the effectiveness of telerehabilitation, patient engagement, and delivery modes, and seeks to determine if digital interventions can serve as a viable complement or alternative to conventional physiotherapy.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults aged 18-45 years diagnosed with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) for 6 weeks to <12 months.
• Self-reported pain intensity ≥3 on a 0-10 Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS).
• Evidence of functional limitation (Oswestry Disability Index or Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire).
• Access to a smartphone, tablet, or computer with internet connectivity.
• Ability and willingness to participate in telerehabilitation programs.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Specific causes of low back pain (herniated disc with radiculopathy, spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, fractures, infections, malignancy).
• Neurological deficits (e.g., severe motor weakness, progressive neurological symptoms).
• Severe psychiatric or cognitive disorders interfering with participation.
• History of spinal surgery within the last year.
• Severe comorbidities contraindicating exercise (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes, cardiovascular disease).
• Pregnant or planning pregnancy during the study period.
• Active substance or alcohol abuse.
• Participation in other structured rehabilitation or physical therapy programs within the last 3 months.