Evaluate efficacy and safety of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing early ventilator-associated pneumonia

Inclusion Criteria:

• • Age > 18 years or older

  • Both sexes will be included.
  • Invasive mechanical ventilation

Exclusion Criteria:

• ongoing pneumonia or gross aspiration confirmed by the presence of lung infiltrates on chest radiographs at admission before invasive ventilation

  • previous lung disease precluding accurate interpretation of chest radiographs
  • ongoing antibiotic therapy or during the week before admission
  • known chronic colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria
  • known allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics
  • Pregnancy