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This pilot study investigates the effects of cold-water immersion, traditional sauna use, and their combination on sleep architecture and psychological health in military cadets. The study uses wearable technologies including the Oura Ring to collect objective sleep and physiological data.
The study will enroll 45 military cadets from The Citadel Military College, randomized into three groups: Cold-Water Immersion (CWI), High Heat Sauna (HHS), and Combined (COM). Participants will undergo a 7-day baseline period followed by a 14-day intervention. Sleep architecture and psychological-affective health will be assessed using validated wearable devices and questionnaires. The study aims to identify intervention-specific improvements in sleep and psychological health.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cold-water immersion | Experimental | 5 minutes of cold-water immersion (submerged up to chin) at 8 - 10C°(46.4 - 50F°) in the morning between 6:00 - 8:00am. |
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| High heat sauna | Experimental | 20 minutes of high heat sauna at 90 - 94C° (190 - 201.2F°) between 5:00 - 7:00pm |
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| Combination | Experimental | 5 minutes of cold-water immersion (submerged up to chin) at 8 - 10C°(46.4 - 50F°) in the morning between 6:00 - 8:00am and 20 minutes of high heat sauna at 90 - 94C° (190 - 201.2F°) between 5:00 - 7:00pm |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cold Water Immersion | Behavioral | Participants will complete 14 daily sessions of cold-water immersion exposure. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Sleep Efficiency | Percentage of sleep period spent asleep measured by the Oura Ring (percentage, %) | Each night of the baseline monitoring period (7days) and intervention phase (14days) |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | Self-reported sleep quality | At the end of the baseline monitoring phase (Day 7), end of intervention week 1 (Day 14), and end of intervention phase (Day 28) |
| Brief Mood Introspection Scale | Self-reported assessment of mood consisting of 16 mood adjectives. Participants rate each adjective on a 4-point likert scale (0 = definitely don't feel, 3 = definitely feel). The assessment captures 2 core dimensions of mood valence (pleasant v. unpleasant) and arousal (active v. calm). | At the end of the baseline monitoring phase (Day 7), end of intervention week 1 (Day 14), and end of intervention phase (Day 28) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Total Sleep Duration | Total duration of sleep period measured by the Oura Ring (seconds, s) | Each night of the baseline monitoring period (7days) and intervention phase (14days) |
| REM Sleep Duration |
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Inclusion Criteria
1. 18 - 30 years of age 2. Enrolled military cadet at the Citadel Military College. 3. Access to a smartphone with access to appropriate app marketplace (Apple iOS 15, Android 8.0 or newer) and reliable data access.
4. Ability to access and operate Oura Ring application. Exclusion Criteria
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mark Rosenberg, MD | Medical University of South Carolina | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Citadel Military College | Charleston | South Carolina | 29404 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007319 | Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020919 | Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic |
| D020920 | Dyssomnias |
| D012893 | Sleep Wake Disorders |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| High Heat Sauna | Behavioral | Participants will complete 14 evening sessions in the high heat sauna |
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Duration of sleep period spent in REM sleep measured by the Oura Ring (seconds, s)
| Each night of the baseline monitoring period (7days) and intervention phase (14days) |
| Deep Sleep Duration | Duration of sleep periods spent in deep (N3) sleep (seconds, s) | Each night of the baseline monitoring period (7days) and intervention phase (14days) |
| Light Sleep Duration | Duration of sleep period spent in light (N1 or N2) sleep (seconds, s) | Each night of the baseline monitoring period (7days) and intervention phase (14days) |
| Restless Sleep Duration | Duration of sleep period with increased registered movements as measured by the Oura Ring (seconds, s) | Each night of the baseline monitoring period (7days) and intervention phase (14days) |
| Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO) Duration | Total time spent awake after falling asleep (seconds, s) | Each night of the baseline monitoring period (7days) and intervention phase (14days) |
| RMSSD | Root mean squared of temporal latency between successive heart beats throughout sleep period measured by the Oura Ring (milliseconds, ms) | Each night of the baseline monitoring period (7days) and intervention phase (14days) |
| Nighttime Skin Temperature | Skin temperature (degrees Celsius, C°) throughout sleep period measured by the Oura Ring. | Each night of the baseline monitoring period (7days) and intervention phase (14days) |
| Sleep Time Heart Rate | Average heart rate during sleep (beats per minute, bpm) | Each night of the baseline monitoring period (7days) and intervention phase (14days) |
| D001523 |
| Mental Disorders |