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In this study, the investigators aimed to compare the effects of topical anesthetic materials and cold application on pain perception. The main questions it aims to answer are:
The treatment contains of participants selected from a group of patients who requires dental treatment. The mission of the participants is to answer the questionnaires correctly and cooperate the treatment. Participants will be divided into 4 groups containing 25 child per group:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Topical Anesthetic Solution | Active Comparator | In spray group, as a topical anaesthetic solution containing 10% lidocaine will be applied to the injection site with the help of a pressel for 20 seconds after the application area is dried by squeezing a cotton pellet. The taste/odour evaluation of the applied topical anaesthetic material will be measured with the 3 Category Hedonic Scale. After sufficient numbness is achieved, local infiltrative injection will be performed. Anxiety levels will be evaluated by measuring with the same parameters before topical anaesthesia application, during topical anaesthesia application and injection. |
|
| Topical Anesthetic Gel | Experimental | In topical anesthetic gel group, a gel containing %20 benzocain with strawberry aroma, will be applied to the injection site with the help of a pressel for 20 seconds after the application area is dried by squeezing a cotton pellet. The taste/odour evaluation of the applied topical anaesthetic material will be measured with the 3 Category Hedonic Scale. After sufficient numbness is achieved, local infiltrative injection will be performed. Anxiety levels will be evaluated by measuring with the same parameters before topical anaesthesia application, during topical anaesthesia application and injection. |
|
| Cryotherapy as Distilled Water | Experimental | As cryotherapy material, distilled water solution will be cooled in the refrigerator at +4 degrees, removed from the refrigerator just before the application and a cotton swab will be wetted with this solution and applied to the area. The taste/odour evaluation of the applied topical anaesthetic material will be measured with 3 Category Hedonic Scale. After sufficient numbness is achieved, local infiltrative injection will be performed. Anxiety levels will be evaluated by measuring with the same parameters before, during and after topical anaesthesia application and injection. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cryotherapy | Drug | Using crytotherapy as topical anesthetic |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants with Eased Injection Pain | During the procedure, all of the data of the participants containing oxygen saturation, pulse and questionnaire about their experience will be collected to assess the statistical differences between groups. | From the beginning of the topical anesthetic implementation to the injection |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Dentistry | Samsun | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28879311 | Background | Lee HS. Recent advances in topical anesthesia. J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2016 Dec;16(4):237-244. doi: 10.17245/jdapm.2016.16.4.237. Epub 2016 Dec 31. | |
| 17908846 | Background | Kravitz ND. The use of compound topical anesthetics: a review. J Am Dent Assoc. 2007 Oct;138(10):1333-9; quiz 1382. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.2007.0048. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| During the planning period of our study, the investigators searched the literature. For the study method, the investigators were inspired and innovated from literature, the link aforehead belongs to the inspirational source. | View source |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017679 | Cryotherapy |
| D000779 | Anesthetics, Local |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D000777 | Anesthetics |
| D002492 | Central Nervous System Depressants |
| D045505 | Physiological Effects of Drugs |
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|
| Cryotherapy as Anesthetic Solution | Experimental | The topical anaesthetic solution will be stored in the refrigerator at +4 degrees Celsius, removed from the refrigerator just before the application and a cotton swab will be wetted with this solution and applied to the area. The taste/odour evaluation of the applied topical anaesthetic material will be measured with 3 Category Hedonic Scale. After sufficient numbness is achieved, local infiltrative injection will be performed. Anxiety levels will be evaluated by measuring with the same parameters before, during and after topical anaesthesia application and injection. |
|
| topical anesthetic | Drug | Comparing the two versions (the room temperature and + 4°C) of the gold standard of local anesthetics, the solution, which contains lidocaine. |
|
| Topical anesthetic gel | Drug | Tolerable taste, containing benzocaine at gel formula. |
|
| 33877402 | Background | Kwiecien SY, McHugh MP. The cold truth: the role of cryotherapy in the treatment of injury and recovery from exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2021 Aug;121(8):2125-2142. doi: 10.1007/s00421-021-04683-8. Epub 2021 Apr 20. |
| 33315183 | Background | Garcia C, Karri J, Zacharias NA, Abd-Elsayed A. Use of Cryotherapy for Managing Chronic Pain: An Evidence-Based Narrative. Pain Ther. 2021 Jun;10(1):81-100. doi: 10.1007/s40122-020-00225-w. Epub 2020 Dec 14. |
| 25526231 | Background | Malanga GA, Yan N, Stark J. Mechanisms and efficacy of heat and cold therapies for musculoskeletal injury. Postgrad Med. 2015 Jan;127(1):57-65. doi: 10.1080/00325481.2015.992719. Epub 2014 Dec 15. |
| 16858479 | Background | Nadler SF, Weingand K, Kruse RJ. The physiologic basis and clinical applications of cryotherapy and thermotherapy for the pain practitioner. Pain Physician. 2004 Jul;7(3):395-9. |
| 24379869 | Background | Ghaderi F, Banakar S, Rostami S. Effect of pre-cooling injection site on pain perception in pediatric dentistry: "A randomized clinical trial". Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2013 Nov;10(6):790-4. |
| 34934271 | Background | Lakshmanan L, Ravindran V. Efficacy of Cryotherapy Application on the Pain Perception during Intraoral Injection: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2021 Sep-Oct;14(5):616-620. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2032. |
| D020228 | Pharmacologic Actions |
| D020164 | Chemical Actions and Uses |
| D018689 | Sensory System Agents |
| D018373 | Peripheral Nervous System Agents |
| D002491 | Central Nervous System Agents |
| D045506 | Therapeutic Uses |