This study aimed to adapt and validate the Toxic Masculinity Scale (TMS) for use among nursing students in Indonesia, ensuring its cultural relevance and psychometric soundness. The process involved cross-cultural adaptation through translation, expert review, and pilot testing, followed by psychometric evaluation using a sample of Indonesian nursing students.

This study aimed to adapt and validate the Toxic Masculinity Scale (TMS) for use among nursing students in Indonesia, ensuring its cultural relevance and psychometric soundness. The process involved cross-cultural adaptation through translation, expert review, and pilot testing, followed by psychometric evaluation using a sample of Indonesian nursing students.

Key steps included: Translation and back-translation of the original scale, Content validation by experts in gender studies and nursing education, Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA & CFA) to test construct validity and Reliability testing using Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency

Inclusion Criteria:

• nursing student
• more than 17 years
• fluent in the Indonesian language

Exclusion Criteria:

• catastropic condition
• gap year during study

all nursing students are in indonesia national wide

Individual Participant Data (IPD) will not be shared due to confidentiality concerns and ethical restrictions outlined in the informed consent process. Participants were assured that their data would only be used for the purposes of this study and would not be shared publicly or with third parties.