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This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a talking pen audio-interactive technology integrated with an oral frailty delay care program for community-dwelling older adults in rural agricultural regions of Chiayi County, Taiwan. The intervention is designed to improve oral function, physical health, and mental well-being. Bilingual (Mandarin and Taiwanese) teaching materials on oral frailty care will be developed. Usability and satisfaction testing will be conducted with older adults at local community bases. A quasi-experimental design will be implemented with 10 participants, who will be randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group will receive the oral frailty care program with talking pen audio-interactive technology, while the control group will continue with regular community activities. Outcomes, including oral function, physical performance, and mental health, will be measured at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. This study seeks to provide evidence for innovative, accessible, and sustainable approaches to oral frailty prevention in rural elderly populations.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arm 1 | Experimental | Participants will receive an oral frailty delay care program integrated with talking pen audio-interactive technology. The program includes bilingual (Mandarin and Taiwanese) teaching materials and structured oral frailty care activities, supported by audio-interactive tools. The intervention is conducted over 3-6 months, with follow-up assessments at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. |
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| Arm 2 | No Intervention | Participants will continue their usual community activities without exposure to the talking pen audio-interactive oral frailty care program. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months for comparison with the intervention group. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Talking Pen Audio-Interactive Oral Frailty Care Program | Behavioral | Participants in the intervention group will receive a structured oral frailty delay care program integrated with talking pen audio-interactive technology. The program includes bilingual (Mandarin and Taiwanese) teaching materials with audio support to enhance comprehension and engagement. Training sessions will focus on oral frailty prevention, oral function exercises, and related health education. The intervention is delivered over 3 to 6 months, with outcomes measured at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Anterior Tongue Pressure | Maximum tongue pressure at the anterior tongue will be assessed using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). Each participant will perform 3 trials with 1-2 minutes rest between trials. The maximum value across 3 trials will be recorded as Pmax. | Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months |
| Change in Posterior Tongue Pressure (Pmax) | Maximum tongue pressure at the posterior tongue will be assessed using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). Each participant will perform 3 trials with 1-2 minutes rest between trials. The maximum value across 3 trials will be recorded as Pmax. | Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. |
| Change in Lip Muscle Pressure (Pmax) | Maximum tongue pressure at the lip muscles will be assessed using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). Each participant will perform 3 trials with 1-2 minutes rest between trials. The maximum value across 3 trials will be recorded as Pmax. | Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. |
| Change in Orbicularis Oris Pressure (Pmax) | Maximum tongue pressure at the orbicularis oris will be assessed using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). Each participant will perform 3 trials with 1-2 minutes rest between trials. The maximum value across 3 trials will be recorded as Pmax. | Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. |
| Change in Oral Moisture | Oral moisture will be assessed using a moisture-checking device placed on the tongue surface. Higher values indicate better salivary condition. | Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ya-Wen Kuo Professor, PhD, RN | Contact | +886-5-3628800 ext. 2120 | ywkuo@mail.cgust.edu.tw |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000092862 | Psychological Well-Being |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010549 | Personal Satisfaction |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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