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This study aims to compare the effectiveness of two common physiotherapy methods, Kinesiologic Taping (KT) and Dry Needling (DN), in the treatment of Subacromial Pain Syndrome (SAPS), a frequent cause of shoulder pain. The trial also investigates whether using KT and DN together provides greater benefits than using them separately. The main goal is to determine which treatment approach is more effective in reducing pain and improving shoulder function in patients with SAPS.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kinesio Taping + Exercise | Experimental |
| |
| Dry Needling + Exercise | Experimental |
| |
| Kinesio Taping + Dry Needling + Exercise | Experimental |
| |
| Conventional Physical Therapy + Exercise (Control) | Active Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kinesio Taping | Other | Participants received Kinesio Taping (KT) applied to the affected shoulder using standard 5-cm Kinesio Tex tape. Before application, an allergy test was performed by placing a small patch of tape on the contralateral forearm for 15 minutes. The taping procedure included three regions: supraspinatus muscle, deltoid muscle, and glenohumeral joint. Application technique: Supraspinatus: Y-strip applied from insertion on the greater tubercle along the muscle to its origin with 20-25% stretch. Deltoid: Y-strip applied from 3 cm below insertion to the origin, with anterior and posterior tails placed along corresponding edges. Glenohumeral joint: I-strip applied from the coracoid process, laterally under the acromion, around the posterior deltoid edge. Schedule: Tape was applied at baseline (Day 0), reapplied at Day 7, and removed permanently at Day 14. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) | Baseline, immediately after first treatment, 1 week after first treatment, and at the end of week 3. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Shoulder function (Quick-DASH questionnaire) | Baseline, 1 week after first treatment, and at the end of week 3. | |
| Kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, TSK-19) | Baseline, 1 week after first treatment, and at the end of week 3. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Age 18-65 years
Pain in the upper, outer arm, especially during shoulder elevation
Shoulder pain lasting more than 6 weeks with or without partial rotator cuff tear
At least three of the following findings:
Painful arc during flexion or abduction
Positive Neer test
Positive Hawkins-Kennedy test
Painful resisted external rotation
Positive Jobe's test
Diagnosis confirmed by MRI evaluation when indicated
Exclusion Criteria:
Participation in a physical therapy program or receipt of injection therapy within the past 3 months
Previous shoulder surgery
Presence of joint contracture
Complete tendon rupture
Cervical radiculopathy
Systemic inflammatory disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis)
Known allergy to tape or materials used in interventions
Bleeding disorders
Local infection or open wound in the treatment area
Cognitive dysfunction that prevents cooperation
History of malignancy
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erkan Kaya, Associate Prof. | Contact | +905056719830 | doktorerkankaya@yahoo.com |
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|
| Dry Needling | Other | Participants received dry needling (DN) applied with sterile, disposable stainless-steel needles (0.30 mm × 50 mm). Target muscles included the supraspinatus, deltoideus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and pectoralis major. Technique: The "fast-in, fast-out" method (Hong technique) was used. After cleaning the skin with alcohol, the needle was inserted into a palpable taut band until the first local twitch response (LTR) was elicited. The needle was moved vertically (5-10 mm) at ~1 Hz for 25-30 seconds. DN was applied for 45-60 seconds per muscle. Schedule: Twice per week, for 3 weeks (total of 6 sessions). |
|
| Exercise Program | Behavioral | All participants were instructed in a standardized home-based exercise program designed to improve shoulder mobility and stability. Content: Exercises included active range-of-motion movements, scapular stabilization, and strengthening of rotator cuff and periscapular muscles. Ergonomic advice and posture correction were also provided. Delivery: Participants were taught the program in person and instructed to perform the exercises at home. Schedule: Exercises were performed daily for 3 weeks, in addition to the assigned intervention for each study arm. |
|
| Conventional Physical Therapy (TENS/Ultrasound/Heat pack) | Device | Participants in this arm received conventional physical therapy modalities commonly used for the management of subacromial pain syndrome. Modalities: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), therapeutic ultrasound, or superficial heat pack were applied based on standard clinical practice. Additional care: Sessions also included passive mobilization of the shoulder into end range, scapular stabilization exercises, and ergonomic/postural advice. Schedule: One-hour treatment sessions, 5 days per week, for 3 consecutive weeks. |
|
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020069 | Shoulder Pain |
| D019534 | Shoulder Impingement Syndrome |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D018771 | Arthralgia |
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D000070599 | Shoulder Injuries |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000079245 | Dry Needling |
| D055070 | Resistance Training |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D005081 | Exercise Therapy |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
| D005791 | Patient Care |
| D064797 | Physical Conditioning, Human |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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