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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025/48 | Other Grant/Funding Number | Istanbul Medipol University |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Medipol University | OTHER |
| Istanbul Medipol University Hospital | OTHER |
| Fenerbahce University | OTHER |
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Hypertension (HT) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and death. Approximately 16.9 million people in Turkey have HT. Nutritional habits play an important role in the development of HT. DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) and the Mediterranean diet (MD) have been found to be effective in lowering blood pressure and reducing cardiometabolic risks. The DASH diet stands out with its low sodium, saturated fat, simple sugar and cholesterol content, while it is rich in fiber, potassium, magnesium and anti-inflammatory components. The MD is based on healthy foods such as olive oil, vegetables, fruits, fish and nuts, and contains antioxidants and healthy fatty acids. This study will investigate whether the sodium-restricted MD can offer a model comparable to DASH. In addition, the effects of the intermittent fasting diet (IFD) model alone and in combination with the MD on blood pressure will be examined. It has been observed that IFD reduces blood pressure by reducing energy intake and acting on the autonomic nervous system. The aim of this project is to evaluate the effects of MD, IFD and both of them on hypertension and to present a new and original approach in this field.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group A (control) | Other | Participants will only receive face-to-face nutrition education. |
|
| Group B (Intermittent Fasting Diet Group) | Experimental | Participants will receive face-to-face nutrition education and Intermittent Fasting Diet. Additionally, a brochure package containing information about Intermittent Fasting Diet models will be prepared by a dietitian and distributed to participants by the same dietitian along with the training. |
|
| Group C (Mediterranean Diet Group) | Experimental | Participants will receive face-to-face nutrition education and Mediterranean Diet. Additionally, a brochure package containing information about Mediterranean Diet models will be prepared by a dietitian and distributed to participants by the same dietitian along with the training. Three separate packages compliant with the Mediterranean Diet will be given at the start of the study, 2nd week and 4th week. Package 1: 250 mL natural extra virgin olive oil, 150 g walnuts, 1 avocado, 250 g black raisins, 1 L semi-skimmed UHT cow's milk, 1 kg green lentils and 1 garlic clove Package 2: 250 mL of natural extra virgin olive oil, 200 g of raw hazelnuts, 150-200 g of unsalted black olives, 140 g of dried apricots, 1 L of semi-skimmed UHT cow's milk, 1 kg of dried beans, and 700 g of unsalted tomato paste Package 3: 250 mL extra virgin olive oil, 180 g unsalted pumpkin seeds, 1 kg apples, 1 L semi-skimmed UHT cow's milk, 500 g whole wheat pasta and 500 g red lentils |
|
| Group D (the Combination of Intermittent Fasting Diet and Mediterranean Diet) |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Face-to-face nutrition education | Other | All participants will receive face-to-face nutrition education from specialist dietitians in accordance with the principles of nutrition for hypertension. Nutrition education will be provided through prepared brochures. The brochures will be given to participants as gifts. Nutrition education will cover topics such as hypertension and nutrition, nutrients, the importance of micronutrients, foods containing salt, reading labels, limiting salt consumption, healthy fat consumption, fibre consumption, water consumption, and healthy cooking methods. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blood pressure | The participants' blood pressure will be measured six times in this research. Blood pressure measurements will be taken by a trained physician in accordance with standard measurement protocols. Measurements will be taken after a 5-minute rest period, with the patient seated, using an automatic blood pressure monitor with the correct cuff size applied to the arm. Two consecutive measurements will be taken for each patient, with at least 1 minute between measurements. The average of the two measurements obtained will be used in the analyses. The following points will be taken into consideration during the measurements.
| At enrollment, 1 week later than enrollment, 2 weeks later than enrollment, 3 weeks later than enrollment, 4 weeks later than enrollment, 13 weeks later than enrollment, 26 weeks later than enrollment |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Height in cm | Height measurement will be taken by a specialist dietician. It will be performed in accordance with the measurement techniques and standards recommended by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. Participants' heights will be measured barefoot using a stadiometer with an accuracy of 0.01 m. | At enrollment, 1 week later than enrollment, 2 weeks later than enrollment, 3 weeks later than enrollment, 4 weeks later than enrollment, 13 weeks later than enrollment, 26 weeks later than enrollment |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Participants will be excluded if they have any of the following:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mehmet KOÇAK, PhD | Contact | +90 530 097 75 33 | mehmetkocak@medipol.edu.tr | |
| Rüken Aslınur SAMANCI, MSc | Contact | +90 543 939 15 94 | rasamanci@medipol.edu.tr |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mehmet KOÇAK, PhD | İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi/Sağlık Bilim Ve Teknolojileri Araştırma Enstitüsü | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medipol Mega University Hospital | Istanbul | 34214 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37625311 | Background | Filippou C, Thomopoulos C, Konstantinidis D, Siafi E, Tatakis F, Manta E, Drogkaris S, Polyzos D, Kyriazopoulos K, Grigoriou K, Tousoulis D, Tsioufis K. DASH vs. Mediterranean diet on a salt restriction background in adults with high normal blood pressure or grade 1 hypertension: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr. 2023 Oct;42(10):1807-1816. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.08.011. Epub 2023 Aug 18. | |
| 37534516 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006973 | Hypertension |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D000093763 | Intermittent Fasting |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D005215 | Fasting |
| D005247 | Feeding Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D038441 | Diet, Mediterranean |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000095500 | Diet, Plant-Based |
| D004035 | Diet Therapy |
| D044623 | Nutrition Therapy |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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| Experimental |
Participants will receive face-to-face nutrition education and the combination of IFD and MD. Additionally, a brochure package containing information about IFD and MD models will be prepared by a dietitian and distributed to participants by the same dietitian along with the training. Three separate packages compliant with the MD will be given at the start of the study, 2nd week and 4th week. Pkg. 1: 250 mL natural extra virgin olive oil, 150 g walnuts, 1 avocado, 250 g black raisins, 1 L semi-skimmed UHT cow's milk, 1 kg green lentils and 1 garlic clove Pkg. 2: 250 mL of natural extra virgin olive oil, 200 g of raw hazelnuts, 150-200 g of unsalted black olives, 140 g of dried apricots, 1 L of semi-skimmed UHT cow's milk, 1 kg of dried beans, and 700 g of unsalted tomato paste Pkg. 3: 250 mL extra virgin olive oil, 180 g unsalted pumpkin seeds, 1 kg apples, 1 L semi-skimmed UHT cow's milk, 500 g whole wheat pasta and 500 g red lentils |
|
|
| Intermittent Fasting Diet | Other | Training will be provided to all participants through a food and nutrition photo catalogue so that portions can be recorded correctly and within standard limits when keeping a food diary. Participants will restrict their food intake to a 16-hour period by applying the 16/8 Intermittent Fasting Diet model and will eat and drink whatever they want during the remaining 8 hours. During this 16-hour period, they will consume non-energy drinks consisting of water, unsweetened tea, unsweetened herbal teas and black coffee. It will be recommended that intermittent fasting be maintained from 6:00 p.m. to 10:00 a.m. However, participants may also choose other 16-hour periods, such as 7:00 p.m. to 11:00 a.m. or 8:00 p.m. to 12:00 p.m. Participants will be given a tracking chart to record the first and last times they consume food or energy-containing beverages during the day, and their adherence to the diet will be monitored based on their declarations. |
|
| Mediterranean Diet | Other | Training will be provided to all participants through a food and nutrition photo catalogue to ensure that portions are recorded correctly and within standard limits when keeping a food diary. In addition, the dietician will provide this group with a diet plan calculated for energy, macro and micro nutrients, which will be different each week for the first four follow-ups. The diet plans provided will be prepared in accordance with the Mediterranean Diet food pyramid. Participants' energy requirements will be calculated using the Schofield Equation for basal metabolic rate, with adjustments made according to their physical activity levels. Energy requirements will be met by 45-50% from carbohydrates, 15-20% from protein, and 25-35% from fats. |
|
| Body weight in kg | Body weight measurement will be taken by a specialist dietician. It will be performed in accordance with the measurement techniques and standards recommended by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. Body weight and body composition will be measured using a body composition analyser with a precision of 0.1 kg. The participants' clothing weight (1.0 kg) will be recorded on the analyser before measurement. Measurements will be taken barefoot and with participants wearing light clothing. Metal objects on participants will be removed. | At enrollment, 1 week later than enrollment, 2 weeks later than enrollment, 3 weeks later than enrollment, 4 weeks later than enrollment, 13 weeks later than enrollment, 26 weeks later than enrollment |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) in kg/m² | Body Mass Index (BMI) will be used to assess whether an individual's body weight is appropriate for their height. It is calculated by dividing a person's body weight, measured in kilograms (kg), by the square of their height, measured in meters (m). Since height will be measured in centimeters (cm), it will first be converted into meters. This will be done by dividing the height in centimeters by 100. | At enrollment, 1 week later than enrollment, 2 weeks later than enrollment, 3 weeks later than enrollment, 4 weeks later than enrollment, 13 weeks later than enrollment, 26 weeks later than enrollment |
| Waist circumference in cm | Waist circumference: Waist circumference will be taken by a specialist dietician. It will be measured at the narrowest point of the waist with the individual standing upright and without any clothing around the waist. Measurements will be taken with a tape measure, ensuring it is in contact with the skin without applying excessive pressure. | At enrollment, 1 week later than enrollment, 2 weeks later than enrollment, 3 weeks later than enrollment, 4 weeks later than enrollment, 13 weeks later than enrollment, 26 weeks later than enrollment |
| Fasting plasma glucose in mg/dL | This will be obtained from blood tests. Reference values: 70-99 mg/dL | At enrollment, 13 weeks later than enrollment, 26 weeks later than enrollment |
| HbA1c in % | This will be obtained from blood tests. Reference values: < 5.7% (normal), 5.7-6.4% (prediabetes), ≥ 6.5% (diabetes) | At enrollment, 13 weeks later than enrollment, 26 weeks later than enrollment |
| Insulin in µU/mL | This will be obtained from blood tests. Reference values: 2-25 µU/mL | At enrollment, 13 weeks later than enrollment, 26 weeks later than enrollment |
| Triglycerides in mg/dL | This will be obtained from blood tests. Reference values: < 150 mg/dL | At enrollment, 13 weeks later than enrollment, 26 weeks later than enrollment |
| HDL cholesterol in mg/dL | This will be obtained from blood tests. Reference values: Men: ≥ 40 mg/dL Women: ≥ 50 mg/dL | At enrollment, 13 weeks later than enrollment, 26 weeks later than enrollment |
| LDL cholesterol in mg/dL | This will be obtained from blood tests. Reference values: < 100 mg/dL | At enrollment, 13 weeks later than enrollment, 26 weeks later than enrollment |
| Total cholesterol in mg/dL | This will be obtained from blood tests. Reference values: < 200 mg/dL | At enrollment, 13 weeks later than enrollment, 26 weeks later than enrollment |
| Urea in mg/dL | This will be obtained from blood tests. Reference values: 7-20 mg/dL | At enrollment, 13 weeks later than enrollment, 26 weeks later than enrollment |
| Creatinine in mg/dL | This will be obtained from blood tests. Reference values: Men: 0.7-1.3 mg/dL Women: 0.6-1.1 mg/dL | At enrollment, 13 weeks later than enrollment, 26 weeks later than enrollment |
| Sodium in mmol/L | This will be obtained from blood tests. Reference values: 135-145 mmol/L | At enrollment, 13 weeks later than enrollment, 26 weeks later than enrollment |
| Potassium in mmol/L | This will be obtained from blood tests. Reference values: 3.5-5.0 mmol/L | At enrollment, 13 weeks later than enrollment, 26 weeks later than enrollment |
| hs-CRP in mg/L | This will be obtained from blood tests. Reference values: < 1 mg/L (low cardiovascular risk), 1-3 mg/L (intermediate risk), > 3 mg/L (high risk) | At enrollment, 13 weeks later than enrollment, 26 weeks later than enrollment |
| ALT in U/L | This will be obtained from blood tests. Reference values: Men: < 41 U/L; Women: < 31 U/L | At enrollment, 13 weeks later than enrollment, 26 weeks later than enrollment |
| AST in U/L | This will be obtained from blood tests. Reference values: Men: < 40 U/L; Women: < 32 U/L | At enrollment, 13 weeks later than enrollment, 26 weeks later than enrollment |
| GGT in U/L | This will be obtained from blood tests. Reference values: Men: 8-61 U/L; Women: 5-36 U/L | At enrollment, 13 weeks later than enrollment, 26 weeks later than enrollment |
| Background |
| Zou Y, Tang J, Zhang F, Chen D, Mu L, Xu H, Yu P, Ren Y, Mei Y, Mu L. Effect of low-sodium salt applied to Chinese modified DASH diet on arterial stiffness in older patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Nutr Hosp. 2023 Oct 6;40(5):967-974. doi: 10.20960/nh.04622. |
| 38886740 | Background | Zhou X, Lin X, Yu J, Yang Y, Muzammel H, Amissi S, Schini-Kerth VB, Lei X, Jose PA, Yang J, Shi D. Effects of DASH diet with or without time-restricted eating in the management of stage 1 primary hypertension: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr J. 2024 Jun 17;23(1):65. doi: 10.1186/s12937-024-00967-9. |
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| 32209978 | Background | Magriplis E, Panagiotakos D, Kyrou I, Tsioufis C, Mitsopoulou AV, Karageorgou D, Dimakopoulos I, Bakogianni I, Chourdakis M, Micha R, Michas G, Ntouroupi T, Tsaniklidou SM, Argyri K, Zampelas A. Presence of Hypertension Is Reduced by Mediterranean Diet Adherence in All Individuals with a More Pronounced Effect in the Obese: The Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey (HNNHS). Nutrients. 2020 Mar 23;12(3):853. doi: 10.3390/nu12030853. |
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| D004032 |
| Diet |
| D009747 | Nutritional Physiological Phenomena |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |