To evaluate the feasibility of a standardized tracheostomy decannulation protocol for patients with prolonged Disorders of Consciousness (pDoC) in rehabilitation hospitals.

Advances in critical care have significantly increased the number of survivors with severe acquired brain injury (sABI). A subset of these patients develops Disorders of Consciousness (DoC), defined as prolonged DoC (pDoC) when lasting >28 days. Tracheostomy is often indicated for long-term mechanical ventilation and airway protection. However, tracheostomy tubes may cause inflammation, stenosis, excessive coughing, and dysphagia. Decannulation improves patient comfort, appearance, swallowing, communication, and social reintegration, while reducing long-term complications (e.g., tracheal stenosis, malacia, vocal cord injury, accidental decannulation) . Despite these benefits, consensus on safety and optimal timing for decannulation in pDoC remains elusive due to uncertain airway protection and aspiration risks. Our center previously demonstrated that a standardized decannulation protocol implemented by a pulmonary rehabilitation team correlates with successful decannulation. Key innovations include: (1) Replacing capping trials with 4-hour continuous tolerance of a speaking valve (reducing airway resistance and delayed decannulation ); (2) Not considering dysphagia a contraindication if patients manage secretions effectively and retain cough strength, even if requiring enteral nutrition (nasogastric/jejunal tubes or PEG) . This multicenter study aims to validate this protocol in pDoC patients and assess changes in consciousness levels pre-/post-decannulation.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. CRS-R score >0
2. Signed informed consent by legal representative

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Non-PDOC tracheostomy patients
2. Death within 2 weeks post-referral
3. Active respiratory infection

Condition: Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness (PDOC >28 days) Population: Tracheostomized adults in rehabilitation hospitals