A Cohort Study on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Outcomes

Plaque-RADS Combined With Vector Flow Imaging in Assessing Carotid Atherosclerotic Risk

A standardized tool for grading carotid atherosclerotic plaques-dubbed Carotid Plaque-RADS (Reporting and Data System)-has recently been developed. Ultrasound (US) is one of the most frequently utilized methods in carotid screening worldwide. However, the clinical utility of US-based carotid plaque-RADS in refining stroke risk stratification beyond conventional stenosis grading has not been thoroughly validated. This study intends to conduct a bidirectional cohort study. In the retrospective part, we will collect relevant clinical data of patients and combine the Plaque-RADS scoring system to establish a risk regression prediction model for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with carotid plaques. We will also prospectively collect a batch of patient data and incorporate ultrasound vector flow imaging and vascular hardness analysis to conduct a prospective cohort study, and further verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the model. Through this research, we aim to identify high-risk patients early, provide early intervention and treatment for high-risk individuals, and reduce the mortality and disability rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Inclusion Criteria:

• patients with asymptomatic carotid plaques

Exclusion Criteria:

• suboptimal image quality or insufficiently detailed examination affecting analysis accuracy;
• recent hemorrhagic cerebral infarction, intracranial hemorrhage, or intracranial neoplasms;
• a prior history of neck radiotherapy or ipsilateral carotid artery surgical/stent procedures;
• lost to follow-up monitoring or had an estimated survival time <12 months.