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This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), fatty pancreas and hepatic fibrosis in obese and lean patients with chronic hepatitis B; either treatment naive or on treatment with first-line nucleos(t)ide analogs.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major etiologies of chronic liver disease. Pathologies caused by HBV infection range from chronic hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Obesity is another significant health burden. Abdominal obesity is a type of obesity that is commonly associated with severe metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases.
Previous research has linked abdominal obesity to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and even metabolic syndrome. In 2020, NAFLD was renamed metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) by a group of experts. MAFLD is defined by the presence of liver steatosis in addition to overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), or metabolic dysregulation with at least two risk factors, such as an increased waist circumference, pre-diabetes, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group I | Obese chronic hepatitis B patients. |
| |
| Group II | Lean chronic hepatitis B patients. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Ultrasound | Device | Standard abdominal ultrasonography performed to evaluate pancreatic steatosis by comparing pancreatic echogenicity to liver and kidney tissue. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Frequency of hepatic steatosis | Frequency of hepatic steatosis (HS) were determined via transient elastography. | Immediately post-procedure (Up to 1 hour) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Presence of pancreatic steatosis | Presence of pancreatic steatosis was evaluated via ultrasonography. | Immediately post-procedure (Up to 1 hour) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The study was carried out in the Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Tanta University.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tanta University | Tanta | El-Gharbia | 31527 | Egypt |
The data will be available upon a reasonable request from the corresponding author after the end of study for one year.
After the end of study for one year.
The data will be available upon a reasonable request from the corresponding author.
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| Transient elastography | Device | Non-invasive transient elastography used to assess hepatic steatosis and liver stiffness in patients with chronic hepatitis B. |
|
| Waist Circumference | Diagnostic Test | The midpoint between the superior aspect of the iliac crests and the lower lateral margins of the ribs using an inelastic tape (TBW Import Ltd) that was 0.5 cm in width and 200 cm in length, according to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Abdominal obesity, determined as a waist circumference of ≥94 cm in males or ≥80 cm in females according to the recommendations of the International Diabetes Federation group |
|
| Body mass index | Diagnostic Test | It was calculated by the equation dividing the weight in kilograms by height in meters squared. BMI=〖mass〗_kg/(〖height〗_m^2 ) |
|
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D019694 | Hepatitis B, Chronic |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D006509 | Hepatitis B |
| D000086982 | Blood-Borne Infections |
| D003141 | Communicable Diseases |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D018347 | Hepadnaviridae Infections |
| D004266 | DNA Virus Infections |
| D014777 | Virus Diseases |
| D006525 | Hepatitis, Viral, Human |
| D006521 | Hepatitis, Chronic |
| D006505 | Hepatitis |
| D008107 | Liver Diseases |
| D004066 | Digestive System Diseases |
| D002908 | Chronic Disease |
| D020969 | Disease Attributes |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D055105 | Waist Circumference |
| D015992 | Body Mass Index |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D049628 | Body Size |
| D001837 | Body Weights and Measures |
| D001824 | Body Constitution |
| D010808 | Physical Examination |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
| D000886 | Anthropometry |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D001699 | Biometry |
| D015991 | Epidemiologic Measurements |
| D011634 | Public Health |
| D004778 | Environment and Public Health |
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