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The hijab (headscarf and cloak) is a Muslim dress, which covers the head, neck and chest, and conceals the female hair, leaving the face uncovered. It is worn by Muslim women worldwide including young Muslim women engaging in sports and exercise. As with any clothing worn on the body, the hijab can impact heat dissipation during exercise, potentially leading to increased body temperature and discomfort, especially in warmer environments. However, the extent to which the hijab may restrict heat loss remains unclear. This study aims to assess dry and evaporative heat exchange in young women performing moderate-intensity intermittent exercise in dry heat conditions (40°C, 15% relative humidity).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| No hijab | Experimental | Participants rest in a thermoneutral resting condition for 30-min (baseline resting) while wearing a cotton t-shirt and shorts, after which they enter a chamber regulated at 40°C where they perform an intermittent exercise bout consisting of two, 30-min moderate-intensity exercise bouts (fixed rate of heat production of 200 W/m2), with each exercise bout separated by a 15 min rest break and a 60-min recovery following the second exercise bout. |
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| Hijab | Experimental | Participants rest in a thermoneutral resting condition for 30-min (baseline resting) while wearing a hijab over cotton t-shir and shorts, after which they enter a chamber regulated at 40°C where they perform an intermittent exercise bout consisting of two, 30-min moderate-intensity exercise bouts (fixed rate of heat production of 200 W/m2), with each exercise bout separated by a 15 min rest break and a 60-min recovery following the second exercise bout. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise-heat stress with no hijab | Other | Participants perform exercise in the heat with no hijab |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Evaporative heat loss at end exercise | Evaporative heat loss as assessed using a direct air calorimeter | End of the 60-min intermittent exercise bout |
| Dry heat loss at end exercise | Dry heat loss as assessed using a direct air calorimeter | End of the 60-min intermittent exercise bout |
| Total heat loss at end exercise | Total heat loss as assessed using a direct air calorimeter | End of the 60-min intermittent exercise bout |
| Body heat storage | Heat stored in the body for each of the exercise bouts | End of the 60-min intermittent exercise bout |
| Change in body heat content | Body heat content measured at the end of intermittent exercise | End of the 60-min intermittent exercise bout |
| Core temperature | Rectal temperature during final 5 minutes of each of the exercise bouts | End of the 60-min intermittent exercise bout |
| Mean skin temperature | Mean skin temperature during final 5 minutes of each of the exercise bouts | End of the 60-min intermittent exercise bout |
| Relative change in core temperature at end exercise |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glen P Kenny, PhD | Contact | 6135625800 | 4282 | gkenny@uottawa.ca |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Glen P Kenny, PhD | University of Ottawa | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Ottawa | Recruiting | Ottawa | Ontario | K1N6N5 | Canada |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D018882 | Heat Stress Disorders |
| D001832 | Body Temperature Changes |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| Exercise-heat stress with a hijab | Other | Participants perform exercise in the heat with a hijab |
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Relative increase in core temperature for each 30-minute exercise bout |
| End of the 60-min intermittent exercise bout |
| Relative change in mean skin temperature at end exercise | Relative change in mean skin temperature for each 30-minute exercise bout | End of the 60-min intermittent exercise bout |
| Heart rate | Heart rate during final 5 minutes of each of the exercise bouts | End of the 60-min intermittent exercise bout |
| Rating of perceived exertion | Perceived exertion assessed via a self-report questionnaire upon verbal prompting (scale is as follows: 6: indicating the participant is not exerting themselves at all with 20 indicating participant is exerting themselves maximally) | End of the 60-min intermittent exercise bout |
| Thermal sensation A | Thermal sensation assessed via a self-report questionnaire upon verbal prompting (scale is as follows: 7-point scale; -3 indicating the participant is cold to +3 indicating the participant is hot) | End of the 60-min intermittent exercise bout |
| Thermal sensation B | Thermal sensation assessed via a self-report questionnaire upon verbal prompting (scale is as follows: 7-point scale; 0 indicating the participant is neutral to 7 indicating the participant is extremely hot) | End of the 60-min intermittent exercise bout |
| Thirst sensation | Thirst sensation assessed via a self-report questionnaire upon verbal prompting (scale is as follows: 9-point scale; 1 indicating the participant is not thirsty at all to 9 indicating the participant is very, very thirsty) | End of the 60-min intermittent exercise bout |