The current study aims to compare the effects of physical activity and Virtual Reality training on physical function, cognition and quality of life in patients with Schizophrenia.

It is hypothesized in the literature that both physical activity and VR may have positive effects on the symptoms of PwS. Still, which modality may be more effective has yet to be discovered. By comparing the effects of physical activity and VR training on the symptoms of PwS, this study may provide valuable insights into the potential benefits of these interventions and inform the development of effective treatment strategies for PwS.

Our study will discuss this relationship, and the results will be presented.

1 INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE

Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental disorder characterized by disruptions in thinking, perception, emotions, and social functioning (1). Patients with schizophrenia (PwS) often experience impairments in physical function, cognition, and quality of life, which can significantly impact their overall well-being. As part of the pursuit to enhance treatment outcomes, researchers, including physical therapists, have explored various adjunctive therapies that can potentially alleviate these impairments. In this study, we aim to compare the effects of physical activity (PA) and virtual reality (VR) training on physical function, cognition, and quality of life in Patients with schizophrenia (PwS), compared to a control group that undergoes regular occupational therapy.

1.1 Background Physical activity has been recognized as a beneficial intervention for individuals with mental disorders, including schizophrenia (2). Engaging in regular physical activity has been associated with improved physical fitness, cardiovascular health, and muscle strength. Furthermore, studies have shown that physical activity can positively influence cognitive function, including attention, memory, and executive functions, in individuals with schizophrenia (2, 3). These improvements in physical and cognitive domains can potentially lead to enhanced quality of life for these individuals.

Virtual reality training, on the other hand, is an emerging therapeutic approach that provides immersive and interactive experiences through computer-generated simulations. While the benefits of physical activity have been extensively studied in schizophrenia, research investigating the specific effects of virtual reality training in this population is limited (4). There is a need to explore the potential benefits of VR in improving physical function, cognition, and quality of life in individuals with schizophrenia to expand our understanding of its therapeutic value.

1.2 Significance Understanding the comparative effects of physical activity and virtual reality training on physical function, cognition, and quality of life in Patients with schizophrenia (PwS), in comparison to the control group undergoing regular occupational therapy, holds significant importance. By comparing these interventions, we can identify their relative effectiveness and potential benefits in addressing the impairments associated with schizophrenia. This knowledge can inform clinicians, researchers, and healthcare professionals, including physical therapists, in making evidence-based decisions regarding the use of these interventions in clinical practice. Additionally, it may contribute to the development of personalized treatment approaches that optimize outcomes and improve the overall well-being of individuals with schizophrenia.

1.3 Overview This study describes a comparative analysis of three groups: a physical activity intervention group, a virtual reality training intervention group, and a control group that undergoes regular occupational therapy at the center. The study will recruit a sample of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and randomly assign them to one of the three groups. Assessments of physical function, cognitive performance, and quality of life will be conducted before and after the interventions to evaluate the effectiveness of each approach. The findings of this study will contribute to the existing literature and inform the development of evidence-based interventions for individuals with schizophrenia, particularly in the context of physical therapy.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Between the ages of 20 and 77 years old.
• Willing to participate in research.
• Diagnosed with Schizophrenia according to the criteria defined in the DSM-IV by a psychiatrist.
• Able to attend Community Mental Health Center regularly.
• Not diagnosed with a mental disability, alcoholism, or drug addiction.
• Scoring 40 points or higher on the GAF test, indicating a non-severe mental state.
• Capable of fully understanding the purpose and content of the research.
• Able to participate in physical activity that requires musculoskeletal movement without difficulty, as determined by self-report.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Have significant cardiovascular, neuromuscular, endocrine, or other disorders that might prevent safe participation in the study.
• Have a diagnosis of alcohol or substance abuse.
• Have a secondary diagnosis of neurological disease or disease associated with the consumption of toxins, addiction to technology, or compulsive gambling.
• Unable to read, understand, or respond to assessment tests.