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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5K01AG065440 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| National Institute on Aging (NIA) | NIH |
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The goal of this study was to identify psychological motives that had the strongest statistical associations with vaccine outcomes in order to identify novel intervention targets to be used in vaccine promotion efforts. A national sample of US adults completed an online survey containing a variety of vaccine-related measures and psychological trait measures.
A national sample of US adults were recruited through Dynata, an online survey panel company, to complete an online survey. Participants completed a variety of vaccine-related survey items and an unprecedented number (>20) of psychological trait measures. This was possible by using a Planned Missingness Design, where respondents only answer a predetermined subset of survey questions, which allows us to include more measures without significantly increasing the burden for participants.
Participants were randomized to one of the three question blocks, where each block had a predetermined set of items that were roughly 1/3 of the items from each psychological trait measure. They were also randomized to complete questions that were about the psychological traits in general or about vaccines specifically.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Planned Missingness Design Block A | Experimental | Respondents were randomized to complete one of three blocks (items predetermined by being randomized to blocks, with 1/3 of items in each block) of the psychological trait measures |
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| Planned Missingness Design Block B | Experimental | Respondents were randomized to complete one of three blocks (items predetermined by being randomized to blocks, with 1/3 of items in each block) of the psychological trait measures |
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| Planned Missingness Design Block C | Experimental | Respondents were randomized to complete one of three blocks (items predetermined by being randomized to blocks, with 1/3 of items in each block) of the psychological trait measures |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Psych Trait Measure | Diagnostic Test | Respondents were randomized to answer whether psychological trait questions were general or about vaccines |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Vaccine attitudes | Feelings towards vaccines on a 7-point scale, with Very negative (1) and Very positive (7) as the scale anchors | Day 1 |
| Vaccination History | Indicated if they had received up to 7 age-recommended vaccines (Response options: No, Yes, Don't know/Unsure) | Day 1 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Psychological trait measures | 26 measures: Needle phobia, Disgust sensitivity, Distrust, Conspiratorial mindset, Medical ambiguity aversion, Open-minded thinking, Self-protection motivation, Psychological reactance, 7 Moral Foundations, Self-construal, Social dominance orientation, Misinformation susceptibility, Faith in intuition, Delay discounting, Outcome bias, Scientific knowledge, Subjective numeracy, Health literacy, Medical maximizing-minimizing, Emotional reactivity to rare events |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Quota completed (Equal #s of respondents in each group)
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Aaron Scherer, PhD | University of Iowa | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Iowa | Iowa City | Iowa | 52242 | United States |
Will be available upon request or posted on Dr. Scherer's personal Open Science Foundation website (https://osf.io/wgf4j)
Immediately
Anyone will be able to access any of the study materials and/or date upon request or if posted to Dr. Scherer's OSF website (https://osf.io/wgf4j)
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Decades of research has shown that information is sought out, evaluated, and used in a biased way in order to satisfy people's motivations to satisfy their psychological needs. This bias in information processing is broadly referred to as "motivated social cognition". Three general psychological needs people are motivated to satisfy include:
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Randomization was done by the online survey platform (Qualtrics)
| Vaccine-Specific Psych Trait Measures | Other | Respondents were randomized to answer whether psychological trait questions were general or about vaccines |
|
| Day 1 |
| 7C Antecedents to Vaccination | Single item to measure each antecedent to vaccination | Day 1 |
| Attitudes towards Complementary and Alternative Medicine | 6 item measure | Day 1 |
| Personal Characteristics/Demographics | 16 characteristics: Gender, Age, Race/ethnicity, Income, State of residence, Zip code, Relationship status, Education, Work in medical field, Economic political ideology, Social political ideology, Political party affiliation strength, Religiosity, Religious ideology, Subjective health, Health conditions | Day 1 |
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| Release Date | Unrelease Date | Unrelease Date Unknown | Reset Date | MCP Release Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 18, 2026 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000088823 | Vaccination Hesitancy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000072758 | Vaccination Refusal |
| D016312 | Treatment Refusal |
| D000074822 | Treatment Adherence and Compliance |
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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