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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22810 | Other Identifier | UMCG |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| University of Groningen | OTHER |
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Schema therapy helps people understand which emotional needs were not met during childhood, and how they can take care of those needs now. One important part of the therapy is the chairwork exercise, where people imagine talking to different parts of themselves (like the strict parent or the hurt child) using empty chairs. These exercises can be very helpful, but they can also be difficult for people who find it hard to imagine things in their mind.
Virtual Reality (VR) can make these exercises easier and more powerful. VR creates a 3D world that feels real, using special equipment like a headset. In this world, people can see and interact with virtual characters that represent different parts of themselves. This can make the therapy more concrete and easier to understand, especially for people who struggle with imagination.
In this study, the investigators want to compare the regular imagination-based exercise with the chairwork exercise done in Virtual Reality. Everyone who joins the study will do both versions of the exercise-one with imagination and one with VR. The order will be random. Before and after each exercise, a short assessment will be conducted to see how people feel. At the end, there will also be a short interview about their experience. The whole session will take about 1.5 to 2 hours.
The investigators want to know if people experience the VR exercise differently than the regular imagination exercise. The investigators also want to know if these differences depend on how well someone can imagine things in their mind.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| VR exercise then imagination exercise | Experimental | Receiving the VR exercise first and the imagination exercise second |
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| Imaginations exercise then VR exercise | Experimental | Receiving the imagination exercise first and the VR exercise second |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality chairwork exercise | Behavioral | A chairwork exercise from schema therapy, executed in Virtual Reality |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questions about schema modes | VAS questions on schema modes (Momentary Schema Modes Questionnaire [MSMQ]) | Pre-, mid-, and post-assessment (within timeframe of 1.5 hours) |
| Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questions about affect | VAS questions on positive and negative affect that were derived from ESM studies and previous VR studies. | Pre-, mid-, and post-assessment (within timeframe of 1.5 hours) |
| Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questions Self-Compassion and self-Criticism Scales (SCCS) | VAS questions on self-criticism and self-compassion (Self-Compassion and Self-Criticism Scales [SCCS]) | Pre-, mid-, and post-assessment (within timeframe of 1.5 hours) |
| Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questions about self-esteem. | VAS questions on self-esteem that were derived from ESM studies and previous VR studies. | Pre-, mid-, and post-assessment (within timeframe of 1.5 hours) |
| Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questions on therapeutic relationship | Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questions on therapeutic relationship (Session Rating Scale [SRS]) | Mid- and post-assessment (within timeframe of 1.5 hours) |
| Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questions on immersion | VAS questions on the Igroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ) | Mid- and post-assessment (within timeframe of 1.5 hours) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Subjective experiences with both exercises | Qualitative interview consisting of open-ended questions to explore experiences and compare their experiences with both exercises, as well as close-ended evaluation questions in a questionnaire. | Post-assessment (within timeframe of 1.5 hours) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mental Imagery Ability | For moderation analyses, mental imagery ability will be measured using the Verbalizer-Visualizer Questionnaire (VVQ) and the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) | Pre-assessment (at the beginning of the 1.5h session, before the intervention) |
| Screening questionnaire of schema modes |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UMCG | Recruiting | Groningen | Provincie Groningen | 9713 GZ | Netherlands |
Cleaned data will be shared via a repository after publication of the manuscript
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After publication of the manuscript
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The study will use a counterbalanced within-subjects crossover design, where all participants perform an assessment and then first perform one exercise (either VR or imagination), then do an assessment, following, the other exercise (either VR or imagination), next, another assessment and finally a qualitative interview. The order of exercises will be randomized.
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| Imagination exercise | Behavioral | A regular schema therapy imagination exercise |
|
The Schema Mode Inventory will be used to assess scores on schema modes, for inclusion of participants (≥3 on demanding parent, punitive parent, and/or vulnerable child). |
| Screening (before start of intervention) |
| Demographic characteristics | The following demographics will be collected: sex, age, received psychological treatment in the past (yes/no, if yes: what type of treatment?), currently receiving psychological treatment (yes/no), received schema therapy in the past (yes/no), currently receiving schema therapy (yes/no). | Pre-assessment (at the beginning of the 1.5h session, before the intervention) |
| Questionnaire on schemas (Young Schema Questionnaire - Short Form) | The Young Schema Questionnaire - Short Form will be used to assess schemas | Pre-assessment (at the beginning of the 1.5h session, before the intervention) |