Lung cancer screening (LCS) can reduce lung cancer-related mortality by 20%, but only 5-10% of eligible individuals have received an initial LCS. The goal of this study is to partner with community stakeholders to jointly develop and pilot test a multi-component community health worker-delivered intervention targeting key barriers to improve LCS and tobacco treatment utilization. The proposed activities will lay the groundwork for a subsequent R01 grant, conducting a fully powered randomized clinical trial to establish CHWs as an evidence-based practice that will facilitate access to screening and tobacco treatment, to reduce lung cancer mortality.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, and lung cancer screening (LCS) can reduce lung cancer-related mortality by 20%. However, only 5-10% of eligible individuals have received an initial LCS exam. Community health worker (CHW) interventions have been effective at promoting screening in other cancer settings. Whether a CHW-delivered intervention can be effective in the context of LCS and address key barriers to receiving LCS remains unknown. The goal of this study is to develop and pilot test a four-part CHW-delivered intervention to improve LCS uptake, which includes: 1) patient outreach, 2) patient-centered shared decision-making, 3) smoking cessation counseling, and 4) navigation of logistical barriers. Our central hypothesis, based on our qualitative work and informed by the expanded Health Belief Model, proposes that a CHW-delivered intervention can address key modifiable factors to improve LCS awareness, engagement, and barriers to accessing care, leading to increased LCS uptake. Our aims are to: Jointly "transcreate" a CHW-delivered intervention to increase LCS uptake among patients served by community health centers (Aim 1); conduct a pilot randomized controlled trial of the intervention (Aim 2a); and obtain empiric estimates of effect size in LCS and tobacco treatment utilization (Aim 2b). We first seek to jointly "transcreate" the intervention with our community advisory board, comprised of key stakeholders in LCS and patients with lived experience, applying the Transcreation Framework for Community-Engaged Behavioral Interventions. Then we will conduct a pilot randomized controlled trial of the CHW-delivered intervention at Baystate Health's three community health centers. We will randomize 80 LCS-eligible individuals (40 in each arm) to either the intervention or enhanced usual care (i.e., mailed LCS educational materials and usual LCS as per primary care provider). Primary pilot outcomes are focused on feasibility, including participant recruitment, measure completion, retention, fidelity, and acceptability. We will also conduct an evaluation of secondary trial outcomes, including LCS and tobacco treatment utilization, as well as explore potential mediators (e.g., knowledge, facilitation of logistical barriers). The proposed activities will provide me with crucial skills in community-engaged research, implementation science, and clinical trial design, and launch my career as a clinician-scientist dedicated to addressing lung cancer mortality. This work will also lay the groundwork for a subsequent R01 grant conducting a fully powered randomized controlled trial of the CHW-delivered intervention that directly addresses top priorities from the President's Cancer Moonshot and NCI's mission to develop multi-level interventions that facilitate access to cancer screening and reduce lung cancer mortality.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults between the age of 50 and 80.
• Potentially eligible for LCS according to the Electronic Health Record smoking history.
• Receive their primary care at Mason Square, High Street, or Brightwood community health centers.
• English- or Spanish- speaking.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Not eligible for lung cancer screening based on age (age < 50 or > 80 years) or smoking history (has not smoked more than 20 pack-years of tobacco cigarettes or quit more than 15 years ago).
• Have received a lung cancer screen in the past.

Sharing qualitative data such as transcriptions from interviews can potentially reveal sensitive information and identify individual participants. The higher level of redaction needed to remove potentially-identifying and sensitive information would substantially reduce the utility of transcripts in future analyses.To ensure this group's participation and honest responses, we will not share transcripts or coding summaries from participant or community health worker interviews.

The goal of this pilot trial is to provide preliminary information to support a future fully powered randomized trial to address disparities in lung cancer in Black and Hispanic communities. Given that these community members have historically been subject to unethical research practices, we will limit the potential for further distrust by not sharing de-identified information outside of the study team or its collaborators.