Neck Integration and Eye Movement Training for Fall Risk in the Elderly

Investigating the Role of Neck Sensorimotor Integration and Eye Movement Training on Postural Control and Fall Risk in the Elderly

Age is one of the primary risk factors for falls, with risk increasing as people get older. Research on fall risk and prevention has identified hundreds of contributing factors, showing that falls have complex and multifactorial causes. Risk factors can be categorized as environmental, extrinsic, or intrinsic. Intrinsic factors include physiological aspects-such as reduced lower-limb strength, impaired gait and balance, weaker grip strength, diminished sensory function, and poorer sensorimotor control-as well as psychological aspects, including fear of falling, depression, and cognitive decline. Strongly associated intrinsic risk factors include a history of falls, physical weakness, gait and balance disorders, certain medications, and dizziness. While fixed factors like age and fall history cannot be changed, identifying and targeting modifiable risk factors is crucial for prevention. Among these, gait and balance impairments are considered the most important modifiable intrinsic factors.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults aged 65 to 85 years. Able to independently perform mobility necessary for activities of daily living.

No major medical conditions that significantly affect functional capacity.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of central nervous system disorders (e.g., stroke). Severe musculoskeletal or visual injury of the lower limbs within the past three months that prevents participation in assessments.

Cognitive impairment. Current use of antidepressant medications.