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Introduction: This study investigates the effect of virtual reality (VR)-based training methods on the acquisition of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills and user attitudes within the framework of Kolb's Experiential Learning Model.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted between December 11, 2024, and August 11, 2025, with 60 nurses (30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group) working in emergency and intensive care units. The experimental group practiced an interactive CPR scenario using VR headsets, while the control group received CPR training through traditional methods. Data were collected using a descriptive information form, a knowledge test, and the Virtual Reality Attitude Scale. The knowledge test, prepared in accordance with the American Heart Association (AHA) standards, was administered as a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test two weeks later. Additionally, the VR Satisfaction Scale was applied to the experimental group.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group (VR Training): | Experimental | Participants were first introduced to the VR simulator and briefed on the current scenario. Through the VR headset, nurses experienced the CPR scenario in real time in an interactive environment. Each nurse had sufficient time to practice the skill steps in the given scenario. Participants used the scenario-based VR CPR training game until they felt ready (approximately 30 minutes) |
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| Control Group (Traditional Training) | Active Comparator | Nurses in the control group received traditional training in a hospital training room using an adult plastic CPR manikin (approximately 30 minutes). |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VR Training) | Other | Participants were first introduced to the VR simulator and briefed on the current scenario. Through the VR headset, nurses experienced the CPR scenario in real time in an interactive environment. Each nurse had sufficient time to practice the skill steps in the given scenario. Participants used the scenario-based VR CPR training game until they felt ready (approximately 30 minutes) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Outcome Measure Change in knowledge scores on Basic Life Support - Description: Knowledge level will be assessed using a BLS knowledge test prepared in accordance with American Heart Association standards. Sub-dimensions include Airwa | The 18-question form assesses five different competency areas: Basic Life Support, Airway and Breathing, Chest Compressions, Automatic External Defibrillator Use, and Communication with Continuity of CPR. For each question, nurses selected either "True" or "False," with a correct answer receiving 1 point and an incorrect answer receiving 0 points. The highest score is 18, and the lowest is 0.A higher score indicates a higher level of knowledge. | Pre-test (baseline), Post-test (immediately after intervention), and Two-week follow-up. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Secondary Outcomes Virtual Reality Attitude Scale - Measurement of participants' attitudes toward VR-based training. - Correlation between VR attitude scores and knowledge test scores (e.g., post-test and pre-post difference scores). | 1. Virtual Reality Attitude Scale
Possible scores range from 9 to 45, and there are no reverse items. A higher score indicates a stronger attitude toward virtual reality. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Ability to use virtual reality (VR) glasses Being an emergency room nurse or an intensive care nurse
Exclusion Criteria:
Having difficulty in communication
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tinaztepe Universty | Izmir | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42410601 | Derived | Akbas Uysal D, Senuzun Aykar F, Ozel Cakir F. Effectiveness of a scenario-based gamified virtual reality training on nurses' basic life support knowledge: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Nurs. 2026 Jul 6. doi: 10.1186/s12912-026-05008-w. Online ahead of print. |
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| Traditional Training | Other | Nurses in the control group received traditional training in a hospital training room using an adult plastic CPR manikin |
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| At baseline (pre-intervention), immediately post-intervention, and at 2 weeks follow-up |