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This randomized controlled trial aims to investigate the efficacy of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training (PMRT) in individuals who developed Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) following the February 6 KahramanmaraÅŸ earthquake.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an often devastating psychiatric condition that can occur in people who experience or witness a traumatic event.The estimated lifetime prevalence of PTSD is reported to be 6.8%.While trauma-focused psychotherapy is generally the first-line treatment in PTSD management, pharmacological treatments (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) are recommended in second-line treatment.Additionally, various physiotherapy and rehabilitation approaches such as aerobic, respiratory, relaxation, stretching, balance and strengthening exercises can also be used.Progressive muscle relaxation training increases parasympathetic nervous system activity. This is said to reduce anxiety and stress levels and improve sleep quality, resulting in physical and mental relaxation.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| PMRT GROUP | Experimental | Progressive muscle relaxation training will be given additionally to individuals in the PMRT group. |
|
| CONTROL GROUP | No Intervention | Individuals in the control group will continue their standard treatment. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| progressive muscle relaxation training | Other | Progressive muscle relaxation training will be performed twice a week, each session lasting 20-30 minutes, for a total of 12 sessions over 6 weeks. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| PTSD Checklist (PCL-5) questionnaire | This is a 20-question questionnaire, valid and reliable in Turkish, that assesses PTSD symptoms as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Questions are scored from 0 to 4, and the total score ranges from 0 to 80. A score of 47 or higher indicates the presence of PTSD. | Change from baseline at 6 weeks |
| Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) | It assesses an individual's condition over the past week. It is a 21-question survey consisting of three subscales: depression, anxiety, and stress. A high score on the scale indicates the presence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress. | Change from baseline at 6 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) | It is a 19-item index, valid and reliable in Turkish, that assesses individuals' sleep quality and disturbances over the past month. The index's 18 scored questions consist of seven components: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, sleeping pill use, and daytime dysfunction. Each component is scored on a 0-3 scale, with a total score ranging from 0 to 21. A total PSQI score greater than 5 indicates inadequate sleep quality, while scores of 6-10 indicate poor sleep, and scores of 11 or higher indicate long-term sleep disturbance. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bitlis Eren Universty | Bitlis | Bitlis /merkez | 13000 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013313 | Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D040921 | Stress Disorders, Traumatic |
| D000068099 | Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001326 | Autogenic Training |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006990 | Hypnosis |
| D026441 | Mind-Body Therapies |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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The individuals will be divided into two groups: PMRT and Control groups using block randomization.
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| Change from baseline at 6 weeks |
| Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) | It is a nine-item scale, valid and reliable in Turkish, that assesses individuals' fatigue levels. Individuals score each item on a scale of 1 to 7 (1 = completely disagree, 7 = completely agree). The total scale score ranges from 0 to 63, with scores of 36 and above indicating severe fatigue. | Change from baseline at 6 weeks |
| Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire | It is a valid and reliable questionnaire in Turkish that assesses individuals' quality of life. It consists of 36 questions. The total score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating a better quality of life. | Change from baseline at 6 weeks |
| D011613 |
| Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |