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Stroke rehabilitation programs are traditionally designed based on the evaluation of motor and sensory impairments starting from the acute phase. Although studies in diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease have shown that information processing speed may affect motor function and balance, no such study has been conducted in stroke patients.
This study aims to investigate the effect of information processing speed on motor function, balance, gait, and quality of life in patients with ischemic stroke.
A review of the literature reveals that in stroke patients, motor and sensory impairments are evaluated beginning in the acute phase, and rehabilitation programs are structured accordingly. While research has demonstrated that information processing speed can influence motor function and balance in other neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease, no similar studies exist for stroke populations.
The investigators hypothesize that early evaluation of motor, sensory, and cognitive deficits in patients with ischemic stroke, and incorporating these findings into rehabilitation programs, may positively impact prognosis.
This study will recruit patients admitted for treatment at the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit of Istanbul Aydın University VM Medical Park Florya Hospital. Inclusion criteria are: age ≥ 40 years, first-ever ischemic stroke, hemodynamic stability, literacy, and absence of pre-stroke psychiatric, neurological, visual, auditory, or orthopedic conditions that may affect mobilization. Additionally, patients must score full points in the vision and speech domains of the NIHSS after stroke.
Eligible participants' demographic and clinical data will be recorded. Information processing speed will be assessed using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Motor function will be evaluated with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), balance with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Sense4Motion Euleria Health device, gait with the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and quality of life with the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS-QOL).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single Group Assignment | All participants will be patients diagnosed with first-ever ischemic stroke, aged 40 years or older, hemodynamically stable, literate, and without pre-stroke psychiatric, neurological, visual, auditory, or orthopedic conditions that could affect mobilization. Participants will undergo a series of standardized assessments including information processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test), motor function (Fugl-Meyer Assessment), balance (Berg Balance Scale and Sense4Motion Euleria Health device), gait (Timed Up and Go Test), and quality of life (Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale). The aim is to evaluate the relationship between processing speed and functional outcomes in ischemic stroke rehabilitation. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) Score | The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) will be used to assess information processing speed. The test requires participants to match symbols with corresponding numbers according to a reference key within 90 seconds. The total number of correct responses will be recorded, with higher scores indicating better processing speed. | At baseline (single assessment) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Berg Balance Scale (BBS) Score | The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) will be used to evaluate functional balance. The test consists of 14 tasks, including sitting, standing, reaching, and turning activities, each scored on a 5-point scale from 0 (unable to perform) to 4 (independent performance). The total score ranges from 0 to 56, with higher scores indicating better balance. | At baseline (single assessment) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The study population will consist of adult patients aged 40-74 years who experienced a first-ever ischemic stroke and are hemodynamically stable. Eligible participants will be literate, without prior psychiatric, neurological, visual, auditory, or orthopedic conditions affecting mobilization. Patients must have full scores in the vision and speech domains of the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) after stroke. Individuals with recurrent stroke, severe cognitive or language impairments, post-stroke visual or auditory deficits, neglect, cardiovascular or orthopedic conditions preventing mobilization, or those aged 75 years and older will be excluded.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Gökhan ÖZKOÇAK, MD | Istanbul Aydın University | Study Chair |
| Özden Erkan Oğul, Asst. Prof | Medipol University | Study Chair |
| İbrahim H Ural, MD | Beykent University | Study Chair |
| Arzu DİNÇ YAVAŞ, MD | Istanbul Aydın University | Study Chair |
| Dudu K AKYOL, PT | Istanbul Aydın University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Istanbul Aydın University | Istanbul | Küçükçekmece | 34295 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020521 | Stroke |
| D000083242 | Ischemic Stroke |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) Score | The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) will be used to evaluate motor function in stroke patients. The scale assesses movement, coordination, and reflexes of the upper and lower extremities. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better motor function and recovery. | At baseline (single assessment) |
| Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS-QOL) Score | The Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS-QOL) will be used to assess health-related quality of life. It consists of 49 items across 12 domains (e.g., mobility, mood, energy, self-care, social roles). Each item is scored on a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating better quality of life. | At baseline (single assessment) |
| Balance Assessment with Sense4Motion Euleria Health / Euleria Lab Device | The Sense4Motion Euleria Health (Euleria Lab) device will be used for objective balance assessment. This wearable inertial sensor system measures postural stability and body sway during standardized balance tasks. Quantitative parameters such as sway velocity, sway area, and stability index will be recorded. Lower sway values and higher stability indices indicate better balance performance. | At baseline (single assessment) |
| Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) with Euleria Health / Euleria Lab | The gait module of Euleria Health (Euleria Lab) device will be used to perform the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Participants will be asked to rise from a chair, walk three meters, turn, return, and sit down. The device's inertial sensors will record spatiotemporal gait parameters such as duration (seconds), number of steps, gait speed, and turning characteristics. Lower times and more stable gait parameters indicate better functional mobility. | At baseline (single assessment) |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |