Ventrogluteal IM injection technique:

During IM injection into the ventrogluteal region:

• The entrance angle of the needle is 90º.
• The 25-gauge (1-inch) syringe is held with the active hand as if holding a pen, and no hand change is made during the injection.
• The needle is rapidly inserted into the skin and withdrawn at the same angle 5 seconds after the injection.
• The drug is injected for 5 seconds/mL without blood aspiration during injection.
• Light pressure is applied to the area after injection, with no massage performed.

To evaluate the appropriateness of the application ventrogluteal IM injection technique, the opinions were obtained of five experts in nursing principles and child health and disease nursing.

Faces represent increasing pain intensity from 0 to 5 from left to right. The leftmost face has a smiling expression indicating a pain-free state, whereas the face at the right end has a crying expression corresponding to the most severe pain. Below each face is a short description of the pain intensity: 0-no pain, 1-mild pain, 2-slightly more pain, 3-even more pain, 4-considerably more pain, and 5-most severe pain

A calibrated pulse oximeter (Nellcor OxiMax N-65) was used to determine the oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate of the children before and after vaccine injection. The pulse oximeter shows the SpO2 and pulse rate on an LCD screen. It works with four AA batteries. The SpO2 and pulse rate were obtained by attaching the probe of the pulse oximeter to the thumb of the children.

A calibrated digital sphygmomanometer (Omron M3 Comfort) was used to determine the blood pressure of the children before and after IM injection. The sphygmomanometer shows systolic and diastolic blood pressure values on an LCD screen. A baby cuff was attached to the sphygmomanometer, and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were determined by attaching the cuff to the right arm of the children.