We will integrate multi-modal cardiac data via an AI multitask framework to develop and validate concurrent models for liver function, treatment prognosis, and microvascular invasion (MVI) prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma. The resulting tool will be prospectively deployed to guide personalized surgical, TACE, and systemic therapy decisions.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. age 18-75 years;
2. HCC diagnosed according to the European Association for the Study of the Liver/American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases criteria)
3. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status < 2;
4. Child-Pugh class A or B liver function;

Exclusion Criteria:

1. HCC combined with other malignancies;
2. missing image data during perioperative period;
3. lost to follow-up > 12 months.

Patients with HCC received comprehensive therapies such as liver resection, ablation, TACE, HAIC, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy