This study aims to evaluate the impact of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index on the angiographic profiling of non-diabetic patients with premature coronary artery disease (CAD).

Premature coronary artery disease (CAD), defined as CAD occurring before the age of 55 in men and 65 in women, has emerged as a growing health concern worldwide.

Insulin resistance and associated metabolic alterations are strongly implicated in premature atherosclerosis. Even in non-diabetic individuals, subclinical insulin resistance promotes endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and low-grade inflammation, leading to early vascular damage.

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, calculated using fasting glucose and triglyceride levels, has emerged as a cost-effective surrogate marker for insulin resistance.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥18 years old.
• Both sexes.
• Non-diabetic patients [no history of diabetes, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) < 6.5%, fasting glucose < 126 mg/dL].
• Confirmed diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) by coronary angiography.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Known diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2).
• Previous history of coronary revascularization.
• Severe hepatic or renal dysfunction [alanine transaminase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≥ 5× upper limit of normal (ULN), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)< 30 mL/min/1.73 m²].
• Malignant disease, autoimmune disease, or systemic inflammatory disorders.
• Current use of triglyceride-lowering medications.

This cross-sectional study will be conducted at Sohag University Hospitals, following approval from the institutional ethics committee.

The data will be available upon a reasonable request from the corresponding author after the end of study for one year.

After the end of study for one year.

The data will be available upon a reasonable request from the corresponding author.