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This study aims to investigate the long-term effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on esports performance through a 12-week three-arm randomized controlled trial, and to examine the sustainability of these effects during a follow-up period after intervention cessation. Additionally, we seek to compare the differential impacts of these two exercise modalities on various dimensions of esports performance, thereby providing evidence-based guidance for esports training regimens and enhancing our understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which different exercise approaches influence cognitive and motor capabilities essential for competitive gaming.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| High-intensity interval training (HIIT) group | Experimental | A 12-week home-based HIIT exercise plan (running). Duration: Each session consists of 10 x 1-minute high-intensity bouts interspersed with 10 x 1-minute recovery periods. Adding the 3-minute warmup and 3-minute cool-down, each session totals approximately 26 minutes. This protocol is followed for 12 weeks. Intensity: High-intensity bouts are performed at 80-90% of HRmax (RPE 15-18). Recovery periods are at 40-50% of HRmax (RPE 11-13). Warm-up and cool-down are at 50% HRmax (RPE 11-13). Modality: Running, jogging, or brisk walking, either on a treadmill or outdoors. Supervision: The first three sessions are supervised in a laboratory setting. Subsequent sessions are unsupervised and performed at home with heart rate monitoring and remote data tracking via Polar Flow for Coach. |
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| Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) group | Experimental | A 12-week home-based MICT exercise plan (running). Duration: Each session consists of 20 minutes of continuous exercise. Including the 3-minute warm-up and 3-minute cool-down, each session totals 26 minutes. This protocol is followed for 12 weeks. Intensity: Exercise is performed at 64-76% of HRmax (RPE 12-14). Warm-up and cool-down are at 50% HRmax (RPE 11-13). Modality: Running, jogging, or brisk walking, either on a treadmill or outdoors. Supervision: The first three sessions are supervised in a laboratory setting. Subsequent sessions are unsupervised and performed at home with heart rate monitoring and remote data tracking via Polar Flow for Coach. |
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| Control | No Intervention | No intervention. Members of the control group are required to maintain their usual habits of gaming, sleeping, eating, and exercising. The experiment does not implement any interventions for the control group. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIIT | Behavioral | A 12-week home-based HIIT exercise plan (running). Duration: Each session consists of 10 x 1-minute high-intensity bouts interspersed with 10 x 1-minute recovery periods. Adding the 3-minute warmup and 3-minute cool-down, each session totals approximately 26 minutes. This protocol is followed for 12 weeks. Intensity: High-intensity bouts are performed at 80-90% of HRmax (RPE 15-18). Recovery periods are at 40-50% of HRmax (RPE 11-13). Warm-up and cool-down are at 50% HRmax (RPE 11-13). Modality: Running, jogging, or brisk walking, either on a treadmill or outdoors. Supervision: The first three sessions are supervised in a laboratory setting. Subsequent sessions are unsupervised and performed at home with heart rate monitoring and remote data tracking via Polar Flow for Coach. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Esports performance | Measured by Aim Lab (Online shooting program) and esports-related mental quality questionnaire. | Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after 12-week intervention completion |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| VO2max | Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run 20-m (measured in laps) | Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after 12-week intervention completion |
| Handgrip | Handgrip dynamometer (measured in kilograms) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Di TANG, PHD | Contact | 852 52487078 | tangdi@link.cuhk.edu.hk |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31977638 | Background | DE Las Heras B, Li O, Rodrigues L, Nepveu JF, Roig M. Exercise Improves Video Game Performance: A Win-Win Situation. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020 Jul;52(7):1595-1602. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002277. |
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| MICT | Behavioral | A 12-week home-based MICT exercise plan (running). Duration: Each session consists of 20 minutes of continuous exercise. Including the 3-minute warm-up and 3-minute cool-down, each session totals 26 minutes. This protocol is followed for 12 weeks. Intensity: Exercise is performed at 64-76% of HRmax (RPE 12-14). Warm-up and cool-down are at 50% HRmax (RPE 11-13). Modality: Running, jogging, or brisk walking, either on a treadmill or outdoors. Supervision: The first three sessions are supervised in a laboratory setting. Subsequent sessions are unsupervised and performed at home with heart rate monitoring and remote data tracking via Polar Flow for Coach. |
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| Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after 12-week intervention completion |
| Core strength | Plank test (measured in second) | Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after 12-week intervention completion |
| Balance | Unipedal stance test (measured in second) | Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after 12-week intervention completion |
| Agility | Agility T-test (measured in second) | Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after 12-week intervention completion |
| Flexibility | Sit and Reach Test | Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after 12-week intervention completion |
| Body composition (measured in centimeter) | Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) device (MC-780MA) | Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after 12-week intervention completion |
| Physical Activity Level | International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) long form (measured in MET-minutes/week, range: 0 to no upper limit, with higher scores indicating higher levels of physical activity) | Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after 12-week intervention completion |
| Sleep Quality | Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (scored from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating worse sleep quality) | Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after 12-week intervention completion |
| Total Energy Intake | Daily caloric intake measured by a validated 3-day food diary (measured in kilocalories/day) | Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after 12-week intervention completion |
| Carbohydrate Intake | Daily carbohydrate consumption measured by validated 3-day food diary (measured in grams/day) | Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after 12-week intervention completion |
| Fat Intake | Daily fat consumption measured by a validated 3-day food diary (measured in grams/day) | Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after 12-week intervention completion |
| Protein Intake | Daily protein consumption measured by a validated 3-day food diary (measured in grams/day) | Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after 12-week intervention completion |
| Affect | Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), a 20-item scale measuring both positive affect (10 items) and negative affect (10 items).Two separate scores calculated: positive affect score (range: 10-50, higher scores indicate higher positive affect) and negative affect score (range: 10-50, higher scores indicate higher negative affect) | Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after 12-week intervention completion |