Comparison of Upper Extremity Exercise Capacity, Muscle Oxygenation, and Balance in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Comparison of Upper Extremity Exercise Capacity, Muscle Oxygenation, and Balance in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
The number of studies evaluating respiratory functions and upper extremity functional exercise capacity in patients with CF and PCD is limited in the literature. There are no studies comparing upper extremity functional exercise capacity and upper extremity muscle oxygenation in patients with CF and PCD. The aim of our study is to compare respiratory function, upper extremity functional exercise capacity, peripheral muscle strength, muscle oxygenation, and balance in CF, PCD, and healthy children.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive, monogenic disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. In individuals with CF, infections, inflammation, mucus plugging, nutritional deficiencies, pulmonary exacerbations, and respiratory tract diseases contribute to a decline in pulmonary function. Increased airway resistance, air trapping, and reduced airflow rates lead to a decrease in lung capacities. Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by the absence or dysfunction of motile cilia. In PCD, pulmonary function is affected from early in life and remains below reference values across all age groups and both sexes. Decreased muscle strength has been demonstrated in both CF and PCD patients. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary function and limb muscle strength are important determinants of exercise capacity. There is a limited number of studies in the literature assessing pulmonary function and upper extremity functional exercise capacity in patients with CF and PCD. Furthermore, to our knowledge, no studies have compared upper extremity functional exercise capacity and upper extremity muscle oxygenation between patients with CF and PCD. The aim of this study is to compare pulmonary function, upper extremity functional exercise capacity, peripheral muscle strength, muscle oxygenation, and balance among children with CF, children with PCD, and healthy controls. The study was planned as cross-sectional and retrospective. The patient group will include individuals diagnosed with CF and PCD, aged between 6 and 18 years, receiving standard medical treatment. The healthy group will include individuals aged between 6 and 18 years without any known chronic disease. Individuals' respiratory functions, upper extremity functional exercise capacity, peripheral muscle strength, muscle oxygenation, and balance will be evaluated. Upper extremity functional exercise capacity was evaluated using the 6-minute pegboard and ring test, pulmonary function using spirometry, peripheral muscle strength using a hand-held dynamometer, muscle oxygenation using the Moxy monitor device (Moxy, Fortiori Design LLC, Minnesota, ABD), static balance using the "Biosway Portable Balance System", and dynamic balance assessment using the Y balance test. The assessments will be completed in two days.
Inclusion Criteria:
Cystic fibrosis patients
• Patients between the ages of 6-18 years who are diagnosed with cystic fibrosis according to the American Cystic Fibrosis Association consensus report and whose clinical condition is stable will be included in the study.
Primary ciliary dyskinesia patients • Patients between the ages of 6-18 years who are diagnosed with primary ciliary dyskinesia according to the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines and whose clinical condition was stable will be included in the study.
Healthy controls
• Healthy individuals of both sexes between the ages of 6-18 who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study will be included.
Exclusion Criteria:
Patients
•Patients who are uncooperative, have orthopedic or neurological disorders that will affect functional capacity, and have pneumonia or any acute infection during the evaluation will be excluded from the study.
Healthy controls;
•Those with a known chronic disease, uncooperative and orthopedic or neurological disorders that will affect functional capacity will not be included.