Participants in the intervention group completed a baseline questionnaire assessing perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes about type 1 diabetes care. They then participated in an educational program specifically designed to improve these aspects. Immediately following the education, participants completed a second questionnaire. A third questionnaire was administered 3 months after the intervention to assess retention of knowledge and changes in attitudes and perceptions.

Participants in the control group did not receive any educational program or intervention. They completed the same questionnaire as the intervention group at baseline and again 3 months later. This allowed for comparison of changes in perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes about type 1 diabetes care without exposure to the educational intervention.

This intervention consists of a structured educational program specifically designed for educational staff in primary schools and kindergartens, focusing on the care of children with type 1 diabetes. The program includes interactive lectures, practical workshops, and case studies covering diabetes management, symptom recognition, emergency procedures, and day-to-day support for children with type 1 diabetes in educational settings. Unlike standard informational sessions or general health education, this intervention is tailored to address the unique challenges and responsibilities faced by school and kindergarten staff. The program is delivered in-person by certified diabetes educators and includes pre- and post-training assessments to measure changes in knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes. Participants are tracked using unique codes to allow for longitudinal comparison of results before, immediately after, and three months following the intervention.

Primary Outcome:

The primary outcome will be assessed by measuring the difference in the total score on a comprehensive, structured questionnaire designed to evaluate the perception, knowledge, and attitudes of educational staff regarding the care of children with type 1 diabetes. The questionnaire is administered before and immediately after participation in the educational program, as well as three months post-intervention. The objective is to quantify the immediate and sustained effects of the intervention on participants' understanding and preparedness to support children with type 1 diabetes in educational settings.

Time Frame:

Assessment will be conducted at three time points: prior to the start of the educational program (baseline) immediately after completion of the program.

Instrument:

The instrument used is a structured questionnaire specifically developed for this study. It is a compilation of seven previously validated instruments

This outcome will assess the sustainability of changes in educational staff's knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes regarding the care of children with type 1 diabetes. The difference in total scores on the same structured questionnaire will be measured three months after the educational program, compared to both baseline and immediate post-intervention results. This analysis aims to determine whether the improvements observed immediately after the intervention are maintained over time, indicating lasting impact of the educational program on participants' competencies and attitudes.

Instrument:

The same structured questionnaire developed specifically for this study, which is a compilation of seven previously validated instruments covering all relevant aspects of diabetes care in educational settings. This tool has undergone expert review and pilot testing to ensure its validity and reliability within the target population.