Not provided
| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1059B142400174 | Other Grant/Funding Number | TÃœBITAK | |
| KVC 0/151/2025 | Other Grant/Funding Number | Karl and Veronica Carstens Foundation |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey | OTHER |
| Karl and Veronica Carstens Foundation | OTHER |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
The current study investigates the effect of an integrative physiotherapy and mind-body program called PhYoMind intervention on disability and symptoms in individuals with fibromyalgia (FM). Participants will be randomized to either the PhYoMind intervention, which combines specific physiotherapy techniques with yoga and mindfulness, or to a home exercise control group. The intervention lasts 8 weeks, with supervised and home sessions. The primary outcome is disability, with secondary outcomes including measures of central and autonomic nervous system function, pain perception, stress, fatigue, and sleep quality. Adverse events and adherence of the intervention will be also assessed.
FM is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and autonomic/central nervous system dysfunction. Despite its high prevalence, treatment options remain limited and often focus on symptom management rather than addressing underlying dysregulation. Emerging evidence also implicates abnormalities in the central nervous system (CNS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS) in the development and persistence of FM symptoms.
Although physiotherapy and mind-body interventions including yoga and mindfulness have individually shown benefits for fibromyalgia symptoms, there is a lack of research on combined interventions integrating these therapies.
The present randomized controlled trial investigates the effects of PhYoMind, a novel integrative and complementary program combining physiotherapy techniques in particular, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF), Nerve Gliding Exercises (NGE), Mobility Exercises (ME), and Post-Isometric Relaxation (PIR), with yoga and mindfulness practices. The intervention aims to improve disability and address multiple symptoms in people with FM through this integrated program.
Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either the PhYoMind program or a home exercises including stretching, strengthening, and aerobic exercises over 8 weeks. Two supervised sessions per week will be complemented by prescribed home exercises. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline (Week 0) and immediately after post-intervention (Week 8), including disability (primary outcome), as well as pain perception, stress, fatigue, sleep quality, central/autonomic nervous system function. In addition, adverse events and adherence of the intervention will be assessed.
This study will contribute valuable evidence regarding the potential benefits of an integrated physiotherapy and mind-body interventions in managing fibromyalgia symptoms.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| PhYoMind Intervention Group | Experimental | Physiotherapy techniques integrated with yoga and mindfulness + Home Exercise |
|
| Home Exercise Group | Active Comparator | Only Home Exercise (walking + strenghtening + streching) |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PhYoMind | Other | This integrative intervention method includes some specific physiotherapy techniques, ( e. g. self proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, self nerve gliding, self mobility, post isometric relaxation techniques) yoga postures, left nostril breathing, humming bee breathing and mindfulness practices. Each session will be 75 minutes and focus on different parts of the body and yoga postures will be selected according to these focused areas. For each week, a specific body area will be chosen as the focus. For example, the first week will focus on the hip area and lower extremities, the second week on the upper body and upper extremities, the third week on the core and anterior line of the body, and the fourth week on the back and posterior line of the body and this sequence will continue through the eighth week. In addition to these sessions, participants in this group will also apply home exercises (aerobic+strenghtening+streching) twice a week, 60 minutes per practice. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Disability, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) | The FIQ is a valid and reliable questionnaire with a total score range of 0-100 measuring overall disease severity, pain severity, physical functioning, work difficulties, morning fatigue, depression, anxiety, and general well-being rated by individuals with fibromyalgia. Higher scores indicate a greater impact of symptoms. | At baseline (Week 0) and after 8 weeks of intervention (Week 8) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Central Nervous System Assessment, Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) | This scale, which has a scoring system ranging from 0 to 100, consists of 25 items with a 5-point Likert type question, each of which is evaluated between 0 and 4 points. A total score of 40 and above is shown as a clinically significant cut-off value. | At baseline (Week 0) and after 8 weeks of intervention (Week 8) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic Data | Participants' age (years), gender (male/female/other), years with FM diagnosis, medications, marital status, educational level, employment status, pre-existing conditions, previous surgery will be measured. | At Baseline (Week 0) |
| Adverse Events |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Holger Cramer, Prof. Dr. | Institute of General Practice and Interprofessional Care, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bosch Health Campus | Stuttgart | Auerbachstraße 112 | 70376 | Germany |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27916278 | Background | Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles MA, Goldenberg DL, Hauser W, Katz RL, Mease PJ, Russell AS, Russell IJ, Walitt B. 2016 Revisions to the 2010/2011 fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016 Dec;46(3):319-329. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.08.012. Epub 2016 Aug 30. | |
| 42409395 | Derived | Sarak Kucukosmanoglu H, Aytar A, Bilc MI, Anheyer D, N V Kieninger A, Alaze A, Cramer H. Physiotherapy-integrated yoga and mindfulness plus home exercise versus home exercise alone for individuals with fibromyalgia syndrome (PhYoMind): study protocol of a randomised controlled clinical trial. BMJ Open. 2026 Jul 6;16(7):e120248. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2026-120248. |
Not provided
Not provided
De-identified individual participant data (IPD) and the data dictionary will be made available upon reasonable request.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005356 | Fibromyalgia |
| D059350 | Chronic Pain |
| D000377 | Agnosia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009135 | Muscular Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D012216 | Rheumatic Diseases |
| D009468 | Neuromuscular Diseases |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015444 | Exercise |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
Not provided
Not provided
1:1 ratio
Not provided
Not provided
Data analysis will also be conducted blinded.
|
| Exercise | Other | The control group will receive only home exercises twice a week. Big muscle groups strengthening and stretching exercises and walking planned for the patient will be given as home exercise. The walking exercise will last 30 minutes at a moderately fast pace, depending on the subject's adaptation. The strengthening exercises will last 15 minutes and will consist of 3 sets of 12 repetitions of exercises with body weight and light weights, generally targeting the back extensor muscles, core stabilization muscles, shoulder region muscles in the upper extremity and hip and knee joint muscles in the lower extremity. The stretching exercises will last 15 minutes and will include neck muscles, pectoralis major/minor, erector spina, hamstrings, quadriceps femoris muscles 1-2 times for 30 seconds each. Participants will be taught face to face with a brochure when they come for the first assessment and will be asked to do HE at home. |
|
| Autonomic Nervous System Assessment, Heart Rate Variability (HRV) | Changes in the autonomic nervous system will be recorded by measuring heart rate variability. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) will be measured and recorded with a Polar H10 (Polar Electro UK Ltd., Warwick, UK) chest strap using the validated Elite HRV mobile application. | At baseline (Week 0) and after 8 weeks of intervention (Week 8) |
| Pain Perception, The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scale, a widely used and valid and reliable scale, will be used to rate the current, average, worst pain intensity of the participants over the last week.The scale consists of a 10 cm long line, 0 "no pain"; 10 would represent "worst possible pain". | At baseline (Week 0) and after 8 weeks of intervention (Week 8) |
| Fatique Assessment, The 20-item Multidimensional Fatigue Index (MFI) | To measure the severity of fatigue in participants with fibromyalgia, the 20-item Multidimensional Fatigue Index (MFI), covering various aspects of fatigue (five subscales; general fatigue, physical fatigue, mental fatigue, decreased motivation, decreased activity) will be applied. Higher score indicates more severe fatigue. | At Baseline (Week 0) and after 8 weeks of intervention (Week 8) |
| Sleep Assessment, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) | The questionnaire consists of 19 questions grouped into seven component scores, each with a range of 0-3, including specific sleep-related problems such as average sleep duration, sleep latency, and daytime sleepiness. An overall PSQI score (range 0 to 21) is calculated. Higher scores indicate poorer sleep quality. | At baseline (Week 0) and after 8 weeks of intervention (Week 8) |
| Stress Assessment, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | This 10-item self-report scale is Likert-type and has a 5-point scoring system ranging from "never" to "very often". Higher scores were associated with higher perceived severity of stress. | At baseline (Week 0) and after 8 weeks of intervention (Week 8) |
Adverse events and unwanted effects will be monitored prospectively through predefined items in the exercise diary and reviewed at every second week. Individuals in both group will be asked to send their completed exercise diaries digitally or by post. The conditions of patients experiencing adverse effects will be evaluated and referred to the study physician to initiate the necessary treatment. |
| At weeks 2, 4, 6, 8 |
| Adherence to the intervention | Adherence to the intervention will be assessed by documenting the number of sessions they participated in and by using participant exercise diaries, in which daily completion, duration and components of the prescribed exercises are recorded. | At weeks 2, 4, 6, 8 |
| D009422 |
| Nervous System Diseases |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D010468 | Perceptual Disorders |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |