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Migraine is a neurological disease characterized by recurring headaches. It is a significant public health problem of the top reasons for disability throughout the world. This study is planned to compare the effects of relaxation techniques of the diaphragm (midsection), diaphragmatic respiration exercises, and manual therapy applications on the severity and intensity of pain and lquality of life. 42 patients diagnosed with migraine aged between 18 and 60 participated in the study. Patients were divided into 3 groups; diaphragm relaxation group (DG), manual therapy group (MG) and control group (CG). 2 types of evaluation were carried out, one of which was pre-treatment and the other was post-treatment. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Megill-Melzack Pain Questionnaire, Headache Impact Test (HITS), and SF-36 Life Quality Scale were used. How long the attacks of patients before and after the treatment lasted and monthly attack numbers were recorded.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Manual therapy group | Experimental | It includes 10 minutes of massage and myofascial release for the trapezius and neck extensors, 10 repetitions of occiput-atlas (C0-C1) joint mobilization, occiput-atlas joint manipulation, mobilization of each segment from C2 to C7 with 10 repetitions each, C2-C7 manipulation, cervicothoracic junction (C7-T1) manipulation, thoracic region (T2-T6) manipulation, and sacroiliac joint manipulation. |
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| Diaphragm relaxation group | Experimental | It includes diaphragm manual release techniques and a diaphragmatic breathing exercise program |
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| Control group | Sham Comparator | This group was given a home exercise program consisting of shoulder girdle range of motion (ROM) exercises that do not affect the cervical region. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manual therapy | Other | It includes 10 minutes of massage and myofascial release for the trapezius and neck extensors, 10 repetitions of occiput-atlas (C0-C1) joint mobilization, occiput-atlas joint manipulation, mobilization of each segment from C2 to C7 with 10 repetitions each, C2-C7 manipulation, cervicothoracic junction (C7-T1) manipulation, thoracic region (T2-T6) manipulation, and sacroiliac joint manipulation. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | A Visual Analog Scale is a simple tool used to measure a person's level of pain or discomfort. It typically consists of a straight line, usually 10 cm long, where one end represents "no pain" and the other end represents "worst imaginable pain." The patient marks a point on the line that reflects their pain intensity. | Baseline and at the end of third week |
| McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) | It includes descriptive words categorized into sensory, affective, and evaluative dimensions, allowing patients to provide a comprehensive report of their pain experience. In our study, the score ranges from 0 to 78, with higher scores reflecting greater pain intensity and unpleasantness, meaning worse outcomes. | Baseline and at the end of third week |
| Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) | The HIT-6 is a brief questionnaire designed to measure the impact of headaches on a person's daily life. It assesses pain severity, social functioning, role functioning, vitality, cognitive functioning, and psychological distress. The scores range from 36 to 78. A higher score indicates a more severe impact of headaches, so higher values reflect worse outcomes. | Baseline and at the end of third week |
| SF-36 | It measures overall health-related quality of life. It covers eight domains including physical functioning, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, emotional role, and mental health. Each domain is scored from 0 to 100, where higher scores represent better health status or quality of life, meaning better outcomes. | Baseline and at the end of third week |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Halic University | Istanbul | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008881 | Migraine Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D051270 | Headache Disorders, Primary |
| D020773 | Headache Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D026201 | Musculoskeletal Manipulations |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
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| Diaphragmatic relaxation technique | Other | It includes diaphragm manual release techniques and a diaphragmatic breathing exercise program |
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| Shoulder ROM exercise | Other | This group was given a home exercise program consisting of shoulder girdle range of motion (ROM) exercises that do not affect the cervical region. |
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| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |