This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of sonic activation of 5%sodium hypochlorite during root canal treatment of primary molars on postoperative pain and facial expressions. In addition to comparing between the Five-face pain scale and AI Emotion Detector mobile application in postoperative pain assessment.

The current study addresses an important gap in research, as the impact of sonic activation of irrigation on postoperative pain in children and the validity of artificial intelligence mobile application in detecting facial expressions following root canal treatment as not been well explored.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Children's age range 5-8 years. Boys and girls will be included.
2. Children with positive or definitely positive behavior on the Frankl's behavior rating scale (rating 3 or 4 on the scale).
3. Children with at least one primary molar with irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis confirmed using periapical radiographs, percussion, and cold test.
4. Children having teeth with two-thirds of each root remaining.
5. Children with a moderate to very severe (2-4) pain score according to five-face pain scale in only one tooth within the 24-h period before the procedure.
6. Children with no allergy to Ibuprofen.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Teeth with pathological root resorption.
2. Teeth with mobility greater than 1st-degree mobility.
3. Children who received analgesics and/or antibiotics in the last 12 h before root canal treatment

Individual participant data will not be shared due to patient confidentiality restrictions.