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The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of ketamine as an adjuvant in external oblique intercostal plane block for post thoracotomy pain.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group K | Experimental | Patients will receive 29 ml bupivacaine 0.25% + 1 ml ketamine (50 mg) as a study group. |
|
| Group C | Active Comparator | Patients will receive 29 ml bupivacaine 0.25% + 1 ml saline as a control group. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ketamine | Drug | Patients will receive 29 ml bupivacaine 0.25% + 1 ml ketamine (50 mg). |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Time to the 1st rescue analgesia | Time to the first request for the rescue analgesia will be recorded from end of surgery to first dose of morphine administrated. | 48 hours postoperatively |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Intraoperative fentanyl consumption | Additional fentanyl bolus dosages of 1 µg/kg IV will be administered if heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure elevated more than 20% of the baseline (after exclusion of other causes than pain). | Intraoperatively |
| Total morphine consumption |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tanta University | Tanta | El-Gharbia | 31527 | Egypt |
The data will be available upon a reasonable request from the corresponding author after the end of study for one year.
After the end of study for one year.
The data will be available upon a reasonable request from the corresponding author.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007649 | Ketamine |
| D002045 | Bupivacaine |
| D012965 | Sodium Chloride |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003510 | Cyclohexanes |
| D003516 | Cycloparaffins |
| D006840 | Hydrocarbons, Alicyclic |
| D006844 | Hydrocarbons, Cyclic |
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| 29 ml bupivacaine 0.25% + 1 ml saline |
| Drug |
Patients will receive 29 ml of bupivacaine 0.25% + 1 ml of saline. |
|
Rescue analgesia of morphine will be given as 3 mg bolus if the numeric rating scale (NRS) > 3 to be repeated after 30 min if pain persists until the NRS < 4. |
| 48 hours postoperatively |
| Degree of pain | Each patient will be instructed about postoperative pain assessment with the numeric rating scale (NRS) score. NRS (0 represents "no pain" while 10 represents "the worst pain imaginable"). NRS will be assessed at 0, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 h postoperatively. | 48 hours postoperatively |
| Mean arterial pressure | Mean arterial pressure will be recorded preoperatively, before performing the block, and every 15 min till the end of surgery. | Till the end of surgery (Up to 2 hours) |
| Heart rate | Heart rate will be recorded preoperative, before performing of block, and every 15 min till the end of surgery. | Till the end of surgery (Up to 2 hours) |
| Incidence of adverse events | Incidence of adverse events such as pneumothorax, local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST), bradycardia, hypotension, nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, or any other complication will be recorded. | 48 hours postoperatively |
| D006838 |
| Hydrocarbons |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000813 | Anilides |
| D000577 | Amides |
| D000814 | Aniline Compounds |
| D000588 | Amines |
| D002712 | Chlorides |
| D006851 | Hydrochloric Acid |
| D017606 | Chlorine Compounds |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D017670 | Sodium Compounds |